Carminic acid

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Carminic acid[1]
Chemical name	7-α-D-Glucopyranosyl-9,10-dihydro- 3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-9,10- dioxoanthracenecarboxylic acid
Other names	Carminic acid C.I. Natural Red 4 C.I. 75470
Chemical formula	C22H20O13
Molecular mass	492.38 g/mol
CAS number	[1260-17-9]
Density	? g/cm3
Melting point	120 °C (decomp.)
SMILES	O=C1C4=C(C(C)=C(C(O)=O) C(O)=C4)C(C2=C1C(O)=C(O) [C@@]([C@@H]3[C@H](O)[C@@H](O) [C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O3)=C2O)=O
Disclaimer and references

Carminic acid (C₂₂H₂₀O₁₃) is a red glucosidal hydroxyanthapurin that occurs naturally in some scale insects, such as the cochineal and the Polish cochineal. The insects produce the acid as a feeding deterrent. Carminic acid is the colouring agent in carmine. Synonyms are C.I. 75470 and C.I. Natural Red 4.

The chemical structure of carminic acid consists of a core anthroquinone structure linked to a glucose sugar unit. Carminic acid was first synthesized by organic chemists in 1991.^[2]

[edit] References

1. ^ Merck Index, 11th Edition, 1850.
2. ^ Allevi, P. et al. 1991. The 1st Total Synthesis of Carminic Acid. Journal of the Chemical Society-Chemical Communications 18:1319-1320.

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