Carmine Nicolao Caracciolo

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Carmine Nicolao Caracciolo, 5th Prince of Santo Buono, Grandee of Spain (spelled several different ways, including Carmine Nicola Caracciolo, Carmine Niccolo Caracciolo, Carmine Nicolás Caracciolo and Carmino Nicolás Caracciolo) (July 5, 1671, Naples - 1727) was Spanish viceroy of Peru from October 5, 1716 to January 26, 1720.

Carmine Caracciolo was a descendant of an old noble family of Naples. He was a prince of the Holy Roman Empire. He was exiled from Naples in 1707 when it passed to the Crown of Austria, because he was a supporter of the Bourbons. His property was confiscated. A cultured man of letters, he was ambassador in Rome and Venice. He married Donna Giovanna Costanza Ruffo dei Duchi di Bagnara.

He was the first Italian to be named viceroy of Peru. This occurred in 1713, although he delayed some time in traveling to America. He arrived in Cartagena de Indias on the warships of the Count of Vega Florida, where he became aware of the corruption in the politics and commerce of the viceroyalty. He brought with him orders from the Crown to end the French contraband, something that had been protected and encouraged by his immediate predecessors.

He entered Lima and took up his office on October 5, 1716. In 1717 the Viceroyalty of New Granada was created in northern Peru, from the Audiencias of Bogotá, Quito and Panamá. However this establishment lasted only until 1724, when the territories were returned to the Viceroyalty of Peru. (The Viceroyalty of New Grenada was reestablished on a more permanent basis in 1734.)

He served as viceroy until 1720. He died in 1727.