Carduelis

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Carduelis
The European Goldfinch belongs to a group of red- or yellow-faced species.
The European Goldfinch belongs to a group of red- or yellow-faced species.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Fringillidae
Genus: Carduelis
Brisson, 1760
Species

Many, see text
Synonyms

Acanthis
Linaria
Chloris
(but see article text)

The genus Carduelis[1] is a large group of birds in the finch family Fringillidae. It includes the greenfinches, redpolls, goldfinches, linnets, the twite, and the non-African siskins. No species of this group ranges far into Africa (where they are replaced by the related genus Serinus), and the centers of evolution were probably Eurasia and North America, with a secondary radiation in the Neotropics.

The interrelationship of these species is complex and contentious. It is fairly certain that the crossbills are actually derived from proto-redpoll ancestors quite recently, and it was suggested that they should be placed into this genus. On the other hand, the greenfinches (which are apparently the most distinct group) and the redpolls have themselves been separated in distinct genera which might be the best way to express both the actual evolutionary relationships and the evolutionarily significant distinctiveness of the crossbills. The molecular data indicates that the major lineages split in the Late Miocene (Tortonian, roughly 9-7 mya), but it is unable to suggest any one robust arrangement either of the major groups among each other or among the lineages of Carduelis sensu stricto. As only the mitochondrial cytochrome b sequence has hitherto been studied (Arnaiz-Villena et al., 1998), more data is clearly necessary.

Here, the species of Carduelis sensu lato are listed according to current knowledge. The genus Carduelis sensu stricto could conceivably be split further, and in this case only the European Goldfinch and the Citril and Corsican Finch (newly placed in his genus) would remain in Carduelis.

Contents

[edit] Greenfinches

(Sub)Genus Chloris

  • Black-headed Greenfinch, Carduelis ambigua
  • European Greenfinch, Carduelis chloris
  • Oriental Greenfinch, Carduelis sinica
  • Vietnamese Greenfinch, Carduelis monguilloti
  • Yellow-breasted Greenfinch, Carduelis spinoides
  • The Desert Finch, Carduelis obsoletus, has recently turned out be a primitive form in this group (Zamora et al., 2006).

[edit] Redpolls

(Sub)Genus Acanthis

[edit] Crossbills

(Sub)Genus Loxia

  • 3 - 5+ species

[edit] Carduelis sensu stricto

[edit] Carduelis group

[edit] Linaria group

Linnets and Twite

  • Eurasian Linnet, Carduelis cannabina
  • Warsangli Linnet, Carduelis johannis
  • Yemen Linnet, Carduelis yemenensis
  • Twite, Carduelis flavirostris

American goldfinches and Eurasian siskin

[edit] Neotropical siskins

  • Andean Siskin, Carduelis spinescens
  • Antillean Siskin, Carduelis dominicensis
  • Black Siskin, Carduelis atrata
  • Black-capped Siskin, Carduelis atriceps
  • Black-chinned Siskin, Carduelis barbata
  • Black-headed Siskin, Carduelis notata
  • Hooded Siskin, Carduelis magellanica
  • Olivaceous Siskin, Carduelis olivacea
  • Red Siskin, Carduelis cucullata
  • Saffron Siskin, Carduelis siemiradzkii
  • Thick-billed Siskin, Carduelis crassirostris
  • Yellow-bellied Siskin, Carduelis xanthogastra
  • Yellow-faced Siskin, Carduelis yarrellii
  • Yellow-rumped Siskin, Carduelis uropygialis

[edit] References

  • Arnaiz-Villena, A.; Álvarez-Tejado, M.; Ruiz-del-Valle, V.; García-de-la-Torre, C.; Varela, P.; Recio, M. J.; Ferre. S. & Martínez-Laso, J. (1998): Phylogeny and rapid Northern and Southern Hemisphere speciation of goldfinches during the Miocene and Pliocene Epochs. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 54(9): 1031–1041. DOI:10.1007/s000180050230 PDF fulltext. Erratum, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences 55(1): 148. DOI:10.1007/s000180050280 PDF fulltext
  • Zamora, Jorge; Lowy, Ernesto; Ruiz-del-Valle, Valentin; Moscoso, Juan; Serrano-Vela, Juan Ignacio; Rivero-de-Aguilar, Juan & Arnaiz-Villena, Antonio (2006): Rhodopechys obsoleta (desert finch): a pale ancestor of greenfinches (Carduelis spp.) according to molecular phylogeny. Journal of Ornithology 147(3): 448–456. DOI:10.1007/s10336-005-0036-2 (HTML abstract). Erratum, Journal of Ornithology 147(3): 511–512 DOI:10.1007/s10336-006-0072-6

[edit] Footnotes

  1. ^ From Latin carduus, "thistle". Thistle seeds are a favorite food of many species.

[edit] External links

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