Cape May Warbler

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Cape May Warbler

Conservation status
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Passeriformes
Family: Parulidae
Genus: Dendroica
Species: D. tigrina
Binomial name
Dendroica tigrina
(Gmelin, 1789)

The Cape May Warbler, Dendroica tigrina , is a small New World warbler. It breeds in northern North America across all but the westernmost parts of southern Canada, and into the Great Lakes region and New England. It is migratory, wintering in the West Indies. This species is a very rare vagrant to western Europe.

The summer male Cape May Warbler has a brown back, yellowish rump and dark brown crown. The underparts are yellow, streaked black, giving rise to the bird's scientific name. The throat and nape are bright yellow and the face is chestnut with a black eyestripe. There is a narrow white wing bar.

Other plumages are washed-out versions of the summer male, and in particular lack the strong head pattern. The yellowish rump and at least indications of the white wing bar are always present.

The breeding habitat is the edges of coniferous woodland, especially Black Spruce. Cape May Warblers nest in dense foliage near the trunk of a conifer, laying 4-9 eggs in a cup nest.

These birds are insectivorous, and lay larger clutches in years when Spruce Budworm is abundant. They pick insects from the tips of conifer branches or fly out to catch insects in flight. They also feed on berry juice and nectar in winter, and have, uniquely for a warbler, a tubular tongue to facilitate this.

The song is a simple repetition of high tsi notes. This bird usually sings from high perches. The call is a thin sip.

Contents

[edit] References

[edit] External Links

[edit] Further reading

[edit] Book

  • Baltz, M. E., and S. C. Latta. 1998. Cape May Warbler (Dendroica tigrina). In The Birds of North America, No. 332 (A. Poole and F. Gill, eds.). The Birds of North America, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.
  • Staicer CA. (1992). Social Behavior of the Northern Parula Cape May Warbler and Prairie Warbler Wintering in Second-Growth Forest in Southwestern Puerto Rico. In: Hagan, J M Iii and D W Johnston (Ed) Ecology and Conservation of Neotropical Migrant Landbirds; Symposium, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA, December 6-9, 1989 Xiii+609p Smithsonian Institution Press: Washington, DC, USA; London, England, Uk Illus Maps 308-320, 1992.

[edit] Thesis

  • Latta SC. Ph.D. (2000). Ecology and population regulation of neotropical migratory birds in the Sierra de Bahoruco, Dominican Republic. University of Missouri - Columbia, United States -- Missouri.
  • McMartin DW. M.Sc. (1996). Impact of insecticide applications on the foraging behaviour and diet of three boreal forest warbler species. University of Toronto (Canada), Canada.

[edit] Reports

  • Cooper JM, Enns KA & Shepard MG. (1997). Status of the Cape May warbler in British Columbia. (Wildlife working report / British Columbia. Ministry of Environment, Lands & Parks ; WR-82 ISSN 0831-4330) Victoria: Ministry of Environment, Lands & Parks, Wildlife Branch, 1997. x, 23 p. (38 pages)
  • Norton MR. (2001). Status of the Cape May warbler, Dendroica tigrina, in Alberta. (Alberta wildlife status report / Alberta. Alberta Environmental Protection ; no. 33 ISSN 1206-4912) Edmonton: Alberta Conservation Assn ; Alberta Environment, Fisheries & Wildlife Management Division, Resource Status & Assessment Branch, 2001. vi, 22 p. (31 pages)

[edit] Articles

  • Academy Of Natural Sciences Of P. (1998). Cape May Warbler: Dendroica tigrina. Birds of North America. vol 0, no 332. p. 1-18.
  • Byars T & Galbraith H. (1980). CAPE MAY WARBLER - NEW TO BRITAIN AND IRELAND. British Birds. vol 73, no 1. p. 2-5.
  • Grennan E. (1981). ON A CAPE MAY WARBLER WHO FLEW AGAINST MY WINDOW. Irish University Review. vol 11, no 2. p. 181-181.
  • Hall GA. (1981). Fall Migration Patterns of Wood Warblers in the Southern Appalachians USA. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 52, no 1. p. 43-49.
  • Howe WM, Taylor DM & Jett DA. (1989). Additional Records of Birds from Cat Island, Bahamas. The Wilson Bulletin. vol 101, no 1. p. 115.
  • Kirk DA & Hobson KA. (2001). Bird-habitat relationships in jack pine boreal forests. Forest Ecology & Management. vol 147, no 2-3. p. 217-243.
  • Latta SC & Faaborg J. (2002). Demographic and population responses of Cape May Warblers Wintering in multiple habitats. Ecology. vol 83, no 9. p. 2502-2515.
  • Latta SC, Gamper HA & Tietz JR. (2001). Revising the convergence hypothesis of avian use of honeydew: Evidence from Dominican subtropical dry forest. Oikos. vol 93, no 2. p. 250-259.
  • Latta SC & O'Connor BM. (2001). Patterns of Knemidokoptes jamaicensis (Acari: Knemidokoptidae) infestations among eight new avian hosts in the Dominican Republic. Journal of Medical Entomology. vol 38, no 3. p. 437-440.
  • Lemon RE, Struger J & Lechowicz MJ. (1983). Song Features as Species Discriminants in American Warblers Parulidae. Condor. vol 85, no 3. p. 308-322.
  • McMartin B, Bellocq I & Smith SM. (2002). Patterns of consumption and diet differentiation for three breeding warbler species during a spruce budworm outbreak. The Auk. vol 119, no 1. p. 216.
  • Meiklejohn BA & Hughes JW. (1999). Bird communities in riparian buffer strips of industrial forests. American Midland Naturalist. vol 141, no 1. p. 172-184.
  • Morris SR, Holmes DW & Richmond ME. (1996). A ten-year study of the stopover patterns of migratory passerines during fall migration on Appledore Island, Maine. Condor. vol 98, no 2. p. 395-409.
  • Parkes KC. (1995). Reinterpretation of the probable parentage of a hybrid Wood-warbler (Seiurus x Dendroica). The Auk. vol 112, no 2. p. 510.
  • Pashley DN. (1988). Warblers of the West Indies Ii. the Western Caribbean. Caribbean Journal of Science. vol 24, no 3-4. p. 112-126.
  • Patten MA & Burger JC. (1998). Spruce budworm outbreaks and the incidence of vagrancy in eastern North American wood-warblers. Canadian Journal of Zoology. vol 76, no 3. p. 433-439.
  • Pulliam B. (1985). Late Winter Occurrence of a Cape May Warbler at Athens Georgia USA. Oriole. vol 50, no 2-3.
  • Rowan R. (1993). A late November record for a Cape May warbler at Toccoa. Oriole. vol 58, no 1-4. p. 21-22.
  • Sealy SG. (1989). Defense of Nectar Resources by Migrating Cape May Warblers. Journal of Field Ornithology. vol 60, no 1. p. 89-93.
  • Stewart PA. (1986). Fall Migration of Twelve Species of Wood Warblers through Coastal Virginia USA. North American Bird Bander. vol 11, no 3. p. 83-88.
  • Taylor P. (1988). Cape May Warbler in Manitoba Canada in December. Blue Jay. vol 46, no 3. p. 160-162.
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