Canonsburg, Pennsylvania
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Nickname: "Guntown" | |
| Location | |
|---|---|
 |
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| Government | |
| Country | United States |
| State | Pennsylvania |
| County | Washington |
| Mayor | Anthony L. Colaizzo |
| Geographical characteristics | |
| Area | |
| Borough | km² (2.3 sq mi) |
| Demographics | |
| Population | |
| Borough (2004) | 8,825 |
| Time zone | Eastern (UTC-5) |
| Website: http://www.canonsburgboro.com/ | |
Canonsburg is a borough in Washington County, Pennsylvania, 18 miles (29 km) southwest of Pittsburgh. Canonsburg was laid out by Colonel John Canon in 1789 and incorporated in 1802. It was the central point of the Whiskey Rebellion of 1794. The borough is in a rich coal district, and most of the town's work force once worked in local steel mills or coal mines. Canonsburg's population in 1910, including South Canonsburg, which was annexed in 1911, was 5,588; in 1920 it was 10,632; and in 1940 it was 12,599. The population was 8,607 at the 2000 census.
Interstate 79 passes through the town, as well as several railroad lines. A trolley used to operate from Washington, Pennsylvania to Pittsburgh through Canonsburg until 1953.
Canonsburg was home to singers Perry Como and Bobby Vinton, NFL head coach Marty Schottenheimer, Olympic gold medalist Kurt Angle, and Theodosius Lazor, Metropolitan Bishop for the Orthodox Church in America. Jonathan Letterman, the "Father of Battlefield Medicine" during the Civil War, was also born in Canonsburg. The town was the birthplace of the members of the vocal group, The Four Coins, popular in the 1950s and 60s.
The town is the headquarters for Centimark, Mylan Laboratories, All-Clad Metalcrafters, Sarris Candies, and the Black Box Corporation. It is also the site of the Southpointe office park, where a branch of the California University of Pennsylvania is located. Yenko Chevrolet, one of largest and most notorious custom muscle car shops of the late 1960s and early 1970s, was also located in Canonsburg.
Canonsburg is home to an annual Oktoberfest and the second-largest Independence Day parade in the state of Pennsylvania, second only to Philadelphia. In the weeks leading up to the parade, the town frequently gains media attention for its residents setting up folding chairs along the town's main street to stake claim to prime viewing areas.
The borough is served by the Canon-McMillan School District.
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[edit] History
The exact date of the first settlement near the current site of Canonsburg is unclear. Colonel John Canon, a common miller who also served as justice of the Virginia courts at Fort Dunmore (now Pittsburgh), purchased some land from the state of Virginia around Chartiers Creek, sometime before May 1780. The state had claimed what is now southwestern-Pennsylvania in a dispute that would not finally be settled until later in the decade. In 1781 Pennsylvania carved Washington County out of Westmoreland, and the county seat was established at Washington. The notes of the first session of the Washington County Court during that year indicate a call for a road from Canon's mill to Pittsburgh. The road to Pittsburgh, called Pitt Street, remains in part today as an archaic and indirect route to the city. The first surviving plat of the town is from April 15, 1788. Lots were sold around Canon's property, and the emerging town took the name of Canonsburg shortly after.
The town was the site of the first institution of higher learning west of the Allegheny Mountains, Jefferson College. Founded in 1787, it was the eleventh such institution in the United States. The Phi Gamma Delta and Phi Kappa Psi fraternities were both founded at Jefferson College. Phi Gamma Delta, of whom President Calvin Coolidge was a member, was founded in 1848. Phi Kappa Psi, of whom President Woodrow Wilson and over 100 U.S. Congressmen claim membership, was founded in 1852. The school would go on to become Washington & Jefferson College in nearby Washington.
For generations, Jefferson College financially supported Canonsburg by accounting for much of its income. However, in 1868, the college was moved to nearby Washington, leaving behind empty college rooming and boarding houses, known as the "forts". Canonsburg largest financial draw had left, and it would take the introduction of the railroad system to return the city back to its former glory. The railroad system, on its way from Mansfield (Carnegie) to Washington (See: Chartiers Branch), was fully opened as scheduled on May 18, 1871. The first scheduled train departed the Washington depot carrying "borough authorities, the committee of arrangement and reception, as well as Rankin’s Cornet Band and a number of …prominent citizens who had been invited to join the excursion." They traveled to Mansfield, where they waited for the special to arrive from Pittsburgh. The special had 12 coaches pulled by two locomotives and was filled with a large number of dignitaries, especially the mayors of Pittsburgh and Allegheny. The special than made it was down the newly laid tracks, passing stations full of spectators to cheer on the train. Canonsburg had a large crowd of supporters, and many people climbed aboard the train to ride along to Washington. There, the crowd was led by Pittsburgh’s Great Western Band and they marched to Town Hall for a round of speeches. The Washington Reporter editor pronounced the day "a grand success"!
[edit] "The most radioactive town in America"
On a 19-acre plot of land the Standard Chemical Company operated a Radium refining mill from 1911 to 1922. From 1930 to 1942, the company purified Uranium ore. Marie Curie was invited to the United States in 1921 and was given an honorary degree by the University of Pittsburgh and 1 gram of radium.
From 1942 to 1957, Vitro Manufacturing Company refined Uranium and other rare metals from various ores and onsite residues, government-owned uranium ore, process concentrates, and scrap materials. The government bought the Uranium ore from Vitro and used it in the Manhattan Project. Waste from incomplete extraction and other metallurgical processes accumulated during the sites long history. Originally, the waste was left uncovered. It contaminated the group, and caused cancer for most residents on a street down-wind of it. About 11,600 tons of mill tailings were moved to railroad property near Blairsville between 1956 and 1957. After the closure of Vitro, the site was used by the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission. The site was then used by a pottery plant for land and clay. Canonsburg pottery can be detected by gieger counter .
The Canonsburg mill site was designated in the 1978 Uranium Mill Tailings Radiation Control Act as eligible for federal funds for clean up. It was the only uranium mill east of the Mississippi River to receive funds. Under a $48 million cleanup, the mill site and 163 vicinity properties in Canonsburg were remediated. Residual radioactivity was consolidated into a covered, clay-lined cell at the Canonsburg mill site that is fenced and posted.
[edit] Geography
Canonsburg is located at (40.262012, -80.185030).GR1
According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has a total area of 6.0 km² (2.3 mi²), all land.
[edit] Demographics
As of the censusGR2 of 2000, there were 8,607 people, 3,809 households, and 2,285 families residing in the borough. The population density was 1,432.4/km² (3,703.5/mi²). There were 4,144 housing units at an average density of 689.7/km² (1,783.1/mi²). The racial makeup of the borough was 91.01% White, 6.53% African American, 0.06% Native American, 0.64% Asian, 0.08% Pacific Islander, 0.19% from other races, and 1.50% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.72% of the population.
There were 3,809 households out of which 23.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 43.6% were married couples living together, 12.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 40.0% were non-families. 34.9% of all households were made up of individuals and 17.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.23 and the average family size was 2.88.
In the borough the population was spread out with 20.3% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 28.2% from 25 to 44, 22.9% from 45 to 64, and 21.5% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 42 years. For every 100 females there were 87.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.8 males.
The median income for a household in the borough was $31,184, and the median income for a family was $42,793. Males had a median income of $32,458 versus $22,733 for females. The per capita income for the borough was $17,469. About 5.8% of families and 8.9% of the population were below the poverty line, including 14.5% of those under age 18 and 6.6% of those age 65 or over.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
- Official web site
- Greater Canonsburg Chamber of Commerce
- History of the Canonsburg Mill Site
- A BRIEF HISTORY OF STANDARD CHEMICAL COMPANY
- Maps and aerial photos
- Street map from Google Maps, or Yahoo! Maps, or Windows Live Local
- Satellite image from Google Maps, Windows Live Local, WikiMapia
- Topographic map from TopoZone
- Aerial image or topographic map from TerraServer-USA
