Cakewalk

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about the form of music and dance. For other meanings, see Cakewalk (disambiguation).

Cakewalk, 1892

Cakewalk is a traditional African American form of music and dance which originated among slaves in the US South. The form was originally known as the chalk line walk; it takes its name from competitions slaveholders sometimes held, in which they offered slices of hoecake as prizes for the best dancers.^[1]

The dance was invented as a satirical parody of the formal European ballroom dances preferred by white slave owners, and featured exaggerated imitations of the dance ritual, combined with traditional African dance steps.^[2] One common form of cakewalk dance involved couples linked at the elbows, lining up in a circle, dancing forward alternating a series of short hopping steps with a series of very high kicking steps. Costumes worn for the cakewalk often included large, exaggerated bow ties, suits, canes, and top hats.

Dances by slaves were a popular spectator pastime for slaveholders, evolving into regular Sunday contests held for their pleasure. Following the American Civil War, the tradition continued amongst African Americans in the South and gradually moved northward. The dance became nationally popular among whites and blacks for a time at the end of the 19th century.^[1] The syncopated music of the cakewalk became a nationally popular force in American mainstream music, and with growing complexity and sophistication evolved into ragtime music in the mid 1890s. The music was adopted into the works of various white composers, including John Philip Sousa and Claude Debussy; the latter wrote Golliwog's Cakewalk as the final movement of the Children's Corner suite (1908).^[3]

[edit] Modern times

The term "cakewalk" is often used to indicate something that is very easy or effortless. Though the dance itself could be physically demanding, it was generally considered a fun, recreational pastime. The phrases "takes the cake" and "piece of cake" also come from this practice.^[1]

Today the Cakewalk is kept alive in the Scottish Highland Dance syllabus. The Cakewalk is considered a character dance and is taught, performed and competed in within the Highland Dance community.^[2]

The cakewalk is also now seen as a game in church and school bazaars and fairs. Participants walk around a path with numbered squares in time with music; when the music stops, a number is called out and the person standing on that square receives a cake. Cakes are usually donated by members of the church or school and the participants buy tickets to play.^[4]^[5]

[edit] References

^ ^a ^b ^c Cakewalk Dance. Streetswing Dance History Archive. Retrieved on April 1, 2007.
^ ^a ^b Kirsty Duncan PhD. Introduction to Highland Dancing. Electric Scotland. Retrieved on April 5, 2007.
^ Crawford, Richard (2000). An Introduction to America's Music. New York City: W. W. Norton & Co..
^ Kimberly Reynolds. Bake Sale Fundraiser. ArticleBin. Retrieved on April 5, 2007.
^ Cakewalk Fundraiser. Innoko River School. Retrieved on April 5, 2007.