Bydgoszcz

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Bydgoszcz
Flag of Bydgoszcz Coat of arms of Bydgoszcz
(Flag) (Coat of arms)
Motto: -
Location of Bydgoszcz
Basic Information
Country Poland
Voivodeship Kuyavian-Pomeranian
Powiat (County) Rada Miasta Bydgoszcz
Gmina (Commune) Bydgoszcz
Urban Information
Population 369,151 (2004)
Area of district - km²
Founded before 1238
City rights 1346/1349
Latitude
Longitude		 53°07' N
18°00' E
Gmina Bydgoszcz
Type of commune urban commune (Gmina miejska)
Districts (No.) -
Area 261.3 km²
Agglomeration 850,000
Density 2122/km²
Area code +48 52
Postal code 85-001 to 85-915
Car plates CB
Twin towns Cherkasy, Hartford, Kragujevac, Mannheim, Pavlodar, Perth, Reggio Emilia
Economy and Traffic
Economy heavy industry, micro mechanics
Highway Szczecin–Warschau
Gdańsk–Poznań
Koszalin–Konin
Railway -
Airport Bydgoszcz Ignacy Jan Paderewski Airport
Administration
Mayor Konstanty Dombrowicz
Municipal Address ul. Jezuicka 1
85-102 Bydgoszcz
Municipal Website

Bydgoszcz (['bidgɔʂtʂ] (help·info); German: Bromberg (help·info); Latin: Bydgostia) is a city in northern Poland, on the Brda and Vistula rivers, with a population of 369,151 (2004). Together with Toruń it has been the capital of the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship since 1999, and was previously the capital of the Bydgoszcz Voivodeship (1947-1998) and before that, of the Pomeranian Voivodeship (1945-1947). Since 1999 it is also the seat of Bydgoszcz County.

Bydgoszcz is part of the metroplex Bydgoszcz-Toruń with Toruń, only 45 km away, and over 850,000 inhabitants. In September 2004 the Medical Academy in Bydgoszcz joined Toruń University as Collegium Medicum UMK in Bydgoszcz.

Contents

[edit] History

Originally a fishing settlement called Bydgozcya[citation needed] ("Bydgostia" in Latin), the city became a stronghold for the Vistula trade routes. In the 13th century it was the site of a castellany, first mentioned in 1238. The city was occupied by the Teutonic Knights from 1331-1337, and was recovered by King Casimir III of Poland, who granted the city municipal rights on 19 April 1346. The city increasingly saw an influx of Germans and Jews after that date.

In the 15th-16th centuries Bydgoszcz was a significant site for corn trading. The Treaty of Bydgoszcz was signed in the city in 1657.

Bydgoszcz followed the history of Greater Poland until 1772, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Prussia in the First Partition of Poland and incorporated into the Netze District and, later, West Prussia. During this time, a canal was built from Bydgoszcz to Nakło which connected the north-flowing Vistula River via the Brda to the west-flowing Noteć, which in turn flowed to the Oder via the Warta.

In 1807 Bydgoszcz became part of the Duchy of Warsaw. In 1815 it returned to Prussian rule as part of the autonomous Grand Duchy of Poznań and capital of Bromberg district. After 1871 the city was part of the German Empire's Province of Posen. After World War I and the Great Poland Uprising, Bydgoszcz returned to Poland in 1919. It shifted in 1938 to the Pomeranian Voivodeship.

From 1939-45 during World War II, Bydgoszcz was occupied by Nazi Germany and annexed to the Reichsgau Wartheland. On September 3 1939, shortly after the war started, the disputed Bromberg Bloody Sunday incident occurred in which numerous Poles and Germans were killed; the incident was used by Nazi propaganda for retaliation against Poles after Bydgoszcz was occupied by the Wehrmacht on September 9. The city's Jewish citizens were repressed, as thousands of people were sent to concentration camps and/or executed. Bydgoszcz (Fordon) was the site of Bromberg-Ost, a female subcamp of Stutthof. The subcamp staffed several female SS guards (Aufseherin) and was commanded by the Oberaufseherin Johanna Wisotzki and a male commandant. A deportation camp was situated in Smukała village, now part of Bydgoszcz. According to Nowa encyklopedia powszechna PWN, 37,000 citizens of the city died during the war.[1]

In 1945 Bydgoszcz was liberated and returned to Poland.

In 1981 Solidarity's activists were violently suppressed in Bydgoszcz.

[edit] Economy

[edit] Major corporations

[edit] Education

Bydgoszcz
Bydgoszcz

[edit] Transport

[edit] Airports

[edit] Railway stations

  • Bydgoszcz Główna - main railway station
  • Bydgoszcz Leśna
  • Bydgoszcz Wschód
  • Bydgoszcz Zachód
  • Bydgoszcz Łęgnowo
  • Bydgoszcz Bielawy
  • Bydgoszcz Osowa Góra

[edit] Bus stations

  • PKS Bydgoszcz - operates inter-city and international bus routes

[edit] Culture

[edit] Museums

  • Muzeum Okręgowe im. Leona Wyczółkowskiego (Leon Wyczółkowski District Museum) is a municipally-owned museum. Apart from a large collection of [Leon Wyczółkowski]'s works, it houses permanent as well as temporary exibtions of art.

It occupies several buldings: - Main building (Gdańska 4 St.) - The White Granary (Mennica St.)

[edit] Classical music

  • Fiharmonia Pomorska im. Ignacego Paderewskiego (Igancy Paderwski's Concert Hall) - thanks to accoustically designed interior, it is one best classical music concert hall in Poland, if not in Europe.

[edit] Popular music

  • Concerts of popular music in Bydgoszcz are usually held in Fiharmonia Pomorska, Łuczniczka, Zawisza and Polonia stadiums.

[edit] Literature

[edit] Theatre

  • Teatr Polski im. Hieronima Konieczki (Hieronim Konieczka's Polish Theatre) - despite its name, theatre offers a wide variety of shows both of national and foreign origin. It also regularly plays hosts to a large number of touring shows. Once a year, in autumn, "Festiwal Prapremier" is organized: most renowned Polish theatres stage their latest premieres.
  • Opera Nova (The Nova Opera)

[edit] Night life

Night life in Bydgoszcz concentrates around tens of pubs and clubs in the centre. Most popular of these are:

  • El-Jazz - the oldest and most recognizable; live music, karaoke shows and an excellent place to sip your beer.
  • Savoy - Bydgoszcz's largest disco.
  • Vanilla Club - disco
  • Imperium dżwięku -Disco

[edit] Sports

[edit] Sports clubs

[edit] Sports facilities

[edit] Sports events

[edit] Politics

[edit] Bydgoszcz constituency

River Brda.
River Brda.

Members of Polish Sejm 2005-2009 elected from Bydgoszcz constituency

Members of Polish Senate 2005-2009 elected from Bydgoszcz constituency

[edit] Famous people from Bydgoszcz

[edit] Legends

It is also said that Pan Twardowski spent some time in the city of Bydgoszcz, where, in his memory, a figure was recently mounted in a window of a tenement, overseeing the Old Town. At 1:13 p.m. and 9:13 p.m. the window opens and Pan Twardowski appears, to the accompaniment of weird music and devilish laughter. He takes a bow, waves his hand, and then disappears. This little show gathers crowds of amused spectators.

[edit] Sister cities

[edit] See also

Wikisource has an original article from the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica about:

[edit] External links

Wikimedia Commons has media related to:
Voivodeships of Poland Flag of Poland
Greater Poland | Kuyavia-Pomerania | Lesser Poland | Lower Silesia | Lublin | Lubusz | Łódź | Masovia | Opole | Podlachia | Pomerania | Silesia | Subcarpathia | Świętokrzyskie | Warmia and Masuria | West Pomerania
Principal cities: Warsaw | Łódź | Kraków | Wrocław | Poznań | Gdańsk | Szczecin | Bydgoszcz | Lublin | Katowice | Białystok | Częstochowa | Gdynia | Toruń | Olsztyn | Radom | Kielce | Rzeszów | Opole | Gorzów Wielkopolski

Coordinates: 53°09′N, 18°00′E

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