Bulgar language
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Bulgar (also Bolğar), also Proto-Bulgarian is the language of the Bulgars, now extinct, whose classification is unclear. There is variation of suppositions about its origins whether it was a Turkic language, or that it linked to the Pamiri languages of the Iranian language group. It was used in Great Bulgaria, and later in Volga Bulgaria and in Danubian Bulgaria. The language became extinct in Danubian Bulgaria in the 9th century as the Bulgar nobility became gradually Slavicized through intermarriages with the Slavic majority there.
The language remained, however, in use by the population of Volga Bulgaria until the 13th or the 14th century when it adopted a number of words and constructions from the Kypchak language. The Old Tatar language absorbed elements of the Bolgar language, because it appeared before the extinction of Bolgar. The language spoken by the present-day Volga Tatars represents a mixture of Bolgar and Kypchak.
Inscriptions in Bulgar (Proto-Bulgarian) are found in Pliska, the first capital of Danube Bulgaria and in the rock churches near the village of Murfatlar, Romania. Some of them are written with Greek characters, other with runes similar to the Orkhon script. Most of them have private character - oaths, dedications, grave stones and some were court inventories. These inscriptions are found along with other official ones written in Greek language. The rulers of the First Bulgarian Empire preserved the Greek as the official state language until the 9th century when it was replaced by Old Slavonic.
[edit] External links
- The language of the Asparukh and Kuber Bulgars, Vocabulary and grammar by Peter Dobrev
- Inscriptions and Alphabet of the Proto-Bulgarians, by Peter Dobrev
- Britannica Online - Bulgar Turkic
|
|
|||
| Bulgar | Bulgar*† | Chuvash | Hunnic*† | Khazar† | ||
| Uyghur | Old Turkic† | Aini²| Chagatay† | Ili Turki | Lop | Uyghur | Uzbek | ||
| Kypchak | Baraba | Bashkir | Crimean Tatar¹ | Cuman† | Karachay-Balkar | Karaim | Karakalpak | Kazakh | Kipchak† | Krymchak | Kumyk | Nogai | Tatar | Urum¹ | Altay | Kyrgyz | ||
| Oghuz | Afshar | Azerbaijani | Crimean Tatar¹ | Gagauz | Khorasani Turkish | Ottoman Turkish† | Pecheneg† | Qashqai | Salar | Turkish | Turkmen | Urum¹ | ||
| Khalaj | Khalaj | ||
| Northeastern | Chulym | Dolgan | Fuyü Gïrgïs | Khakas | Northern Altay | Shor | Tofa | Tuvan | Western Yugur | Sakha / Yakut | ||
| Notes: ¹Listed in more than one group, ²Mixed language, *Disputed, †Extinct | |||
 |
This language-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. |
