Brotula

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Brotulas

Hephthocara simum

Scientific classification

Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Actinopterygii
Order:	Ophidiiformes
Family:	Bythitidae

Genera and species

See text.

Brotulas are a family, Bythitidae, of ophidiiform fishes, also known as viviparous brotulas as they bear live young. They are found in tropical and subtropical waters throughout the world. They are small fishes that live in surface waters or around reefs.

A few species are freshwater: for example, the Mexican blind brotula, Ogilbia pearsei, is found in caves and sinkholes in the Yucatán Peninsula, Mexico.

[edit] Genera and species

There are 103 species in 36 genera:

Genus Acarobythites
- Acarobythites larsonae Machida, 2000.
Genus Beaglichthys
- Beaglichthys macrophthalmus Machida, 1993.
Genus Bellottia
- Bellottia apoda Giglioli, 1883.
- Bellottia armiger (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
Genus Bidenichthys
- Bidenichthys beeblebroxi Paulin, 1995.
- Freetail brotula, Bidenichthys capensis Barnard, 1934.
- Grey brotula, Bidenichthys consobrinus (Hutton, 1876).
  
  Grey brotula, Bidenichthys consobrinus
Genus Brosmodorsalis
- Pink brotula, Brosmodorsalis persicinus Paulin & Roberts, 1989.
Genus Brosmolus
- Brosmolus longicaudus Machida, 1993.
Genus Brosmophyciops
- Slimy cuskeel, Brosmophyciops pautzkei Schultz, 1960.
Genus Brosmophycis
- Red brotula, Brosmophycis marginata (Ayres, 1854).
Genus Brotulina
- Brotulina erythrea (Fowler, 1946).
- Dusky brotulid, Brotulina fusca Fowler, 1946.
Genus Bythites
- Bythites fuscus (Fowler, 1946).
- Bythites gerdae Nielsen & Cohen, 1973.
- Bythites islandicus Nielsen & Cohen, 1973.
Genus Calamopteryx
- Longarm brotula, Calamopteryx goslinei Böhlke & Cohen, 1966.
- Calamopteryx jeb Cohen, 1973.
- Teacher brotula, Calamopteryx robinsorum Cohen, 1973.
Genus Cataetyx
- Cataetyx alleni (Byrne, 1906).
- Cataetyx bruuni (Nielsen & Nybelin, 1963).
- Cataetyx chthamalorhynchus Cohen, 1981.
- Cataetyx hawaiiensis Gosline, 1954.
- Cataetyx laticeps Koefoed, 1927.
- Cataetyx lepidogenys (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
- Hairlip brotula, Cataetyx messieri (Günther, 1878).
  
  Hairlip brotula, Cataetyx messieri
- Brown brotula, Cataetyx niki Cohen, 1981.
- Cataetyx platyrhynchus Machida, 1984.
- Rubynose brotula, Cataetyx rubrirostris Gilbert, 1890.
- Cataetyx simus (Alcock, 1892).
Genus Dermatopsis
- Fleshfish, Dermatopsis macrodon Ogilby, 1896.
  
  Fleshfish, Dermatopsis macrodon
- Dermatopsis multiradiatus McCulloch & Waite, 1918.
Genus Dermatopsoides
- Orange brotula, Dermatopsoides kasougae (Smith, 1943).
- Lesser orange brotula, Dermatopsoides talboti Cohen, 1966.
Genus Diancistrus
- Diancistrus longifilis Ogilby, 1899.
Genus Dinematichthys
- Dinematichthys dasyrhynchus Cohen & Hutchins, 1982.
- Yellow pigmy brotula, Dinematichthys iluocoeteoides Bleeker, 1855.
- Dinematichthys indicus Machida, 1994.
- Dinematichthys megasoma Machida, 1994.
- Dinematichthys minyomma Sedor & Cohen, 1987.
- Hump-backed dwarf brotula, Dinematichthys randalli Machida, 1994.
- Dinematichthys riukiuensis Aoyagi, 1954.
Genus Diplacanthopoma
- Diplacanthopoma alcockii Goode & Bean, 1896.
- Diplacanthopoma brachysoma Günther, 1887.
- Diplacanthopoma brunnea Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
- Diplacanthopoma japonicus (Steindachner & Döderlein, 1887).
- Diplacanthopoma jordani Garman, 1899.
- Diplacanthopoma kreffti Cohen & Nielsen, 2002.
- Diplacanthopoma nigripinnis Gilchrist & von Bonde, 1924.
- Diplacanthopoma raniceps Alcock, 1898.
- Diplacanthopoma riversandersoni Alcock, 1895.
Genus Dipulus
- Dipulus caecus Waite, 1905.
- Dipulus norfolkanus Machida, 1993.
Genus Fiordichthys
- Fiordland brotula, Fiordichthys slartibartfasti Paulin, 1995.
Genus Gerhardia
- Gerhardia hollisi (Cohen, Rosenblatt & Moser, 1990).
Genus Grammonoides
- Bighead brotula, Grammonoides opisthodon (Smith, 1934).
Genus Grammonus
- Grammonus ater (Risso, 1810).
- Reef-cave brotula, Grammonus claudei (de la Torre y Huerta, 1930).
- Purple brotula, Grammonus diagrammus (Heller & Snodgrass, 1903).
- Grammonus longhursti (Cohen, 1964).
- Grammonus robustus Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
- Grammonus thielei Nielsen & Cohen, 2004.
- Grammonus waikiki (Cohen, 1964).
Genus Gunterichthys
- Gold brotula, Gunterichthys longipenis Dawson, 1966.
Genus Hastatobythites
- Hastatobythites arafurensis Machida, 1997.
Genus Hephthocara
- Hephthocara crassiceps Smith & Radcliffe, 1913.
- Hephthocara simum Alcock, 1892.
Genus Lucifuga
- Toothed Cuban cusk-eel, Lucifuga dentata Poey, 1858.
- Lucifuga inopinata Cohen & McCosker, 1998.
- Lucifuga simile Nalbant, 1981.
- New Providence cusk-eel, Lucifuga spelaeotes Cohen & Robins, 1970.
- Cuban cusk-eel, Lucifuga subterranea Poey, 1858.
- Lucifuga teresinarum Díaz Pérez, 1988.
Genus Melodichthys
- Melodichthys hadrocephalus Nielsen & Cohen, 1986.
- Melodichthys paxtoni Nielsen & Cohen, 1986.
Genus Microbrotula
- Microbrotula bentleyi Anderson, 2005.
- Microbrotula polyactis Anderson, 2005.
- Microbrotula queenslandica Anderson, 2005.
- Microbrotula randalli (Machida, 1994).
- Microbrotula rubra Gosline, 1953.
Genus Monothrix
- Monothrix mizolepis (Günther, 1867).
- Monothrix polylepis Ogilby, 1897.
Genus Ogilbia
- Key brotula, Ogilbia cayorum Evermann & Kendall, 1898.
- Deroy's cuskeel, Ogilbia deroyi (Poll & van Mol, 1966).
- Galapagos cuskeel, Ogilbia galapagosensis (Poll & LeLeup, 1965).
- Mexican blind brotula, Ogilbia pearsei (Hubbs, 1938).
- Gulf cuskeel, Ogilbia ventralis (Gill, 1863).
- Ogilbia suarezae Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2005.
Genus Parabrosmolus
- Parabrosmolus novaeguineae Machida, 1996.
Genus Pseudonus
- Pseudonus acutus Garman, 1899.
- Pseudonus platycephalus (Smith & Radcliffe, 1913).
- Pseudonus squamiceps (Lloyd, 1907).
Genus Saccogaster
- Saccogaster hawaii Cohen & Nielsen, 1972.
- Saccogaster maculata Alcock, 1889.
- Saccogaster melanomycter Cohen, 1981.
- Saccogaster normae Cohen & Nielsen, 1972.
- Saccogaster parva Cohen & Nielsen, 1972.
- Saccogaster rhamphidognatha Cohen, 1987.
- Saccogaster staigeri Cohen & Nielsen, 1972.
- Saccogaster tuberculata (Chan, 1966).
Genus Stygnobrotula
- Black widow, Stygnobrotula latebricola Böhlke, 1957.
Genus Thalassobathia
- Thalassobathia nelsoni Lee, 1974.
- Thalassobathia pelagica Cohen, 1963.
Genus Tuamotuichthys
- Tuamotuichthys bispinosus Møller, Schwarzhans & Nielsen, 2003.