Bridgend
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| Bridgend | |
| Population | 39,429 |
|---|---|
| OS grid reference | |
| Principal area | Bridgend |
| Ceremonial county | Mid Glamorgan |
| Constituent country | Wales |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | BRIDGEND |
| Postcode district | CF31-33, CF35 |
| Dial code | 01656 |
| Police | South Wales |
| Fire | South Wales |
| Ambulance | Welsh |
| UK Parliament | Bridgend |
| European Parliament | Wales |
| List of places: UK • Wales • Bridgend | |
Bridgend (Welsh: Pen-y-bont ar Ogwr) is a town in the traditional county of Glamorgan and the main town in the county borough of Bridgend in south Wales. It is roughly midway between Cardiff and Swansea. The river crossed by the original bridge which gave the town its name is the River Ogmore but the River Ewenny also passes through the south of the town. Bridgend has greatly expanded in size since the early 1980s and now has a population of around 40,000.
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[edit] History
[edit] Prehistoric and Roman
Several burial mounds have been found in the vicinity of Bridgend suggesting that the area was settled before Roman times. The A48 between Bridgend and Cowbridge has a portion, known locally as "Crack Hill", a Roman road. The Vale of Glamorgan would have been a natural low-level route west to the Roman fort/harbour at Neath (Nidum) from settlements in the East like Cardiff and Caerleon (Isca).
[edit] The Norman Invasion
After the Norman conquest of England in 1066, the new establishment looked westwards in the following decades to create new seats for lords loyal to William The Conqueror. Groups of Norman Barons arrived in Wales and in the South and East created what would later become the Welsh Marches, while the North and West remained largly unconquered due to the harsh terrain.
At Coity, the local chieftain Morgan Gam already had a stronghold. Sometime in the 11th Century Norman Lord Payn de Turberville approached Morgan to turn over control of the Coity Castle to de Turberville but only if he (de Turberville) either fought Morgan for the land, or took his daughter Sybil's hand in marriage. Turberville married Sybil and became Lord of Coity, rebuilding the castle [1].
In 1106, Newcastle Castle (on Newcastle Hill, overlooking the town centre) and Ogmore Castle(1116) were build by Robert Fitzhammon and William de Londres respectively[2]. About 2 miles north-east of Ogmore Castle, Maurice de Londres founded the fortified BenedictineEwenny Priory in 1141 [3].
These three castles provided a "defensive triangle" for the area. (A quadrilateral if you include Ewenny Priory.)
[edit] The Formation of Bridgend
Bridgend itself developed at a ford (Crossing) on the River Ogmore, which was on the main route between East and West Wales. Just north of the town, there is the confluence of three rivers, the Ogmore River, the Llynfi River and the Garw River. South of Bridgend the Ewenny River merges with the River Ogmore and flows into the Bristol Channel. In the fifteenth century, a stone bridge was built to connect permanently each side of the River Ogmore (later rebuilt). Originally this bridge had four arches but in the eighteenth century a massive flood washed two of them away. The rest of the bridge still stands and still remains a focal point of the town, with aesthetic restoration taking place in 2006.
Bridgend grew rapidly into an agricultural town important to many of the local farmers. Although still small by today's standards it became an important market town, a tag that remained with it until well into the twentieth century.
[edit] The Industrial Era
The discovery of coal in the valleys north of Bridgend would have a massive impact on the town. The first coal mines opened north of Bridgend in the seventeenth century, with the Llynfi valley being the first to be industrialised. Bridgend itself never had coal and remained a market town for some time, but the valleys of the three rivers grew into an important part of the South Wales coalfields. Ironworks and brickworks (notably at Tondu) were also established in the same period, by John Bedford, although the ironworks faltered after his death and ceased operating entirely in 1836.
The Great Western Railway arrived and Bridgend was at the junction between the main London to Fishguard line and the branch to the three valleys. Coal trains regularly sent coal down the valleys and with the opening of the Vale of Glamorgan railway, coal could be sent directly to port at Barry or through other branch lines to Porthcawl.
Bridgend itself saw several quarries open in and around the town centre, the remnants of which, (near Brackla) can still be seen today. An engine works was opened in the town and a larger farmers' market also opened in the town centre, where it remained until at least the middle of the twentieth century.
In 1801, the population of Bridgend County was around 6000. By the beginning of the twentieth century this had risen to 61,000. By this time Bridgend was a bustling market town with prosperous valleys to the north, a thriving community and good links to other towns and cities.
[edit] The Second World War and Bridgend
Bridgend played an important part during the Second World War. It was home to a Prisoner of War Camp at Island Farm and a large munitions factory (ROF Bridgend — known as the "Admiralty") at Waterton, as well as a large underground munitions storage base at Brackla (known as the 8 x's). This was an overspill of the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich.
At its peak the Arsenal had 40,000 workers, many of them women. Large numbers of them were transported by bus from the Rhondda and the valleys. At the time the Arsenal was the largest factory (employee-wise) ever in the UK.
The factory complex had three sites in Bridgend, all linked together by a huge network of railways. There are many reminders of the factory sites left to this day Brackla Ordance Site.
In 1945, seventy prisoners of war from Island Farm managed to escape through a tunnel although all were recaptured. While Bridgend was as important during the war as any other part of Wales, and although it was photographed by the Luftwaffe, it was never "blitzed". This was largely due to the area's air pocket, which made bombing extremely hazardous for incoming planes. The close proximy of the P.O.W Camp at Island Farm may have been something of a deterrent as well. Unlike Bridgend, both Swansea and Cardiff did not escape such massive attacks but the area immediately around Bridgend did suffer bombing raids. Had Bridgend been bombed it would have likely been a massive blow to munitions supplies to the allies and could have changed the course of the war in the Axis' favour.
The Admiralty ceased full scale production in December 1945 after 5 years. Two of the munitions storage magazines in the Brackla ROF site were converted to a RGHQ (Regional Government Headquarters) during the Cold War as part of the UK continuity of government plans. It is now in the hands of a private company. See Subterranea Britannica for more information on the Brackla RGHQ.
[edit] Post-war Bridgend
Bridgend remained a solid market town after the War. In 1948, Newbridge Fields (a short distance from the town centre) hosted the 1948 National Eisteddfod.
In 1960, the River Ogmore burst its banks and flooded the town centre. Subsequent floods and extreme weather led the Welsh Water Authority to develop concrete flood defence walls along the banks of the Ogmore River in the town centre. The town centre has not been flooded since. During this time Bridgend was chosen to become the headquarters for South Wales Police. This action was ideal as geographically, Bridgend stands equidistantly between both Swansea to the west and Cardiff to the east.
The Beeching cuts of the 1960s saw the loss of passenger rail links in the Vale of Glamorgan and to the northern valleys. The Vale of Glamorgan link to Barry via Rhoose was re-instated in June 2005.
In the 1970s, Bridgend would begin to see the catalyst of arguably its biggest growth period. The "missing section" of the M4 motorway was constructed around the town, plans were afoot to change the Waterton Admiralty into an Industrial Estate, and the water supply was improved including new sewage treatment works near Ogmore.
Two major multinational corporations, the Ford Motor Company and Sony set up factories in, or on the outskirts of the new Bridgend Industrial Estate (former Waterton Arsenal).
During the 1980s with the development of the Brackla housing estate the future of Bridgend seemed bright. By the 1990s the estate had grown to become the largest privately-owned housing estate in Europe.
The closure of the Welsh coal industry brought mass-unemployment and social problems to the valleys to the north. However, this led to a greater general standard of living for many in the areas previously dominated by coal mining but many of the problems stemming from unemployment, including drug-use and economic inactivity still remain today. By the late 1980s all coal mines in the area had ceased operations and the former mine workers either commuted or moved to central Bridgend to work at the newly-developed industrial estates. This was typical for much of South Wales which was at the time moving from a mining-based economy and into a new service, electronic, manufacturing and textile-based one.
A new Securicor operated prison (HM Parc Prison) was built near Coity in the late 1990s. The prison opened in November 1997 and is the only private prison in Wales.
[edit] Modern Bridgend
Further new housing developments at Broadlands (near Newbridge Fields) and the never ending expansion of Brackla have caused Bridgend's population to swell dramatically. Traffic became a real problem in the archaic town centre, in 1997 a new link road/bypass was built to link the town centre directly to the M4 motorway as well as redirect traffic around the town centre.
The local council started a scheme to pedestrianise the town centre. This has been met with criticism by the traders and shoppers alike because of poor construction, poor design and poor access. Excessive car parking charges as well as the dominance of UK retail giant Tesco in and around the area (2 large superstores and one small convenience "Tesco Express" store) has led Bridgend to be jokingly called "a little town beyond Tesco" (cf Little England beyond Wales).
Out-of-town shopping, mismanagement of the pedestrianisation scheme and the construction of the McArthur Glen Retail Complex (Bridgend Designer Outlet) near the M4 motorway had led to a decline of the town centre. Competition from Cardiff and Swansea in terms of retail choice and ease of access has led to the town becoming a less popular choice with locals. The amount of mobile phone and greetings card shops has become something of a running joke.
The construction of an award-winning new bus station in 2004 and a rethink to traffic movement around the town centre has seen a halt to the decline. Local committees, together with the council started to use the pedestrianisation of the town-centre to its advantage, cumulating in several popular fairs including Continental Markets, Celtic Festivals, a small Mardi-Gras and Seasonal markets and events.
[edit] Future Plans for Bridgend
Bridgend is still seen by many as a "scruffy" town. Objective 1 investment in regeneration of some of the more untidy parts of the town has understandably been welcomed. One scheme is to create a "riverside culture" by constructing a walkway along the River Ogmore near the old bridge, opening up the rear of properties facing the river. £2million has been secured and it is hoped the scheme will be completed by 2009.
To counteract the dominance of Tesco in the area, ASDA is understood to have been given planning permission for a new superstore just outside the town centre, which will hopefully open in 2007. At the nearby Brackla Street Centre, plans have been drawn up for a top-class, attractive residential/retail mix redevelopment. However a similar development was withdrawn a few years ago.
Construction on a 1500-home sustainable "village" at Parc Derwen near Coity is due to begin imminently. The scheme has been painstakingly planned and although there are concerns from Coity in particular, this may soften the urban sprawl that has affected Brackla and Broadlands.
Ambitious plans for a 20000-seat stadium, hotel and railway station at Wern Ddu near the M4 motorway north of Bridgend near Tondu have been submitted.[4] An equally ambitious scheme for a 650-home "Garden Village" of affordable housing, community facilities and distributor road to the north west of the town has also been submitted by the same company, Keyworker Homes.[5] It is highly unlikely either of these projects will be given the go ahead due to the lack of top-level sport in the area, comparable facilities in nearby Swansea and Cardiff, flooding risk, and that the latter development is on green-belt land.
[edit] Politics
The local Member of Parliament is Madeline Moon MP (Labour), the Welsh Assembly Member for Bridgend is Carwyn Jones AM (Labour) along with regional AM's (South West Wales) Alun Cairns AM (Conservative), Dai Lloyd AM (Plaid Cymru), Janet Davies AM (Plaid Cymru) and Peter Black (Liberal Democrat).
Emma Greenow is the Conservative Welsh Assembly Candidate for Bridgend in the elections in May 2007.
[edit] Economy
Bridgend and nearby Neath Port Talbot recovered quickly from the decline of traditional industries, particularly coal-mining due to other alternative forms of employment. Wages are generally higher here than in other parts of the South Wales Valleys. There are large industrial estates at Bridgend and Waterton (formerly Waterton Admirality) which host a number of small scale and multi-national companies, mainly manufacturing. The biggest single employer (outside of the public sector) in the area is probably the Ford Motor Company's engine plant near Waterton after Sony's closure of the Bridgend plant and downsizing of the Pencoed plant. It is hoped other businesses will relocate to the sites. Other manufacturers to have pulled out of the area include Wrigley Company's. Job losses resulting from the closure of RAF St Athan's next year will also affect the town hard as many of the workers live in and around Bridgend.
There are successes, IT Consultancy group LogicaCMG opened an office in Bridgend (which has since been expanded) and several companies have moved to new office complexes on the outskirts of Bridgend. German retailer Lidl have also set up their Welsh headquarters and distribution site at Waterton. Zoobiotic, a medicinal maggot therapy company has its facility near Bridgend town centre. Also, since 1983, famous dart board producer Winmau has based their global headquarters in Bridgend.
Bridgend (like Wales in general) suffers from a lack of high-wage service jobs, however the retail sector in particular provides a large proportion of employment in the town and borough.
[edit] Transport
[edit] Rail
Bridgend railway station has regular services to London and Cardiff Central railway station to the East, Swansea railway station and West Wales to the west, and Maesteg to the north. There are also services to Birmingham, Manchester and the South West of England. Bridgend is the terminus of the Vale of Glamorgan Line which reopened to passenger traffic in 2005.
Wildmill railway station, approximately 1 mile north of Bridgend railway station serves the estates of Wildmill, Pendre and Litchard and is on the Bridgend-Maesteg branch line.
A park and ride station at Brackla, about 1 1/2 miles south east of Bridgend railway stationis planned and is due to be constructed once capacity improvements have been made to the South Wales Main Line.
[edit] Bus
Bridgend has a brand new bus station with regular buses to major urban and rural centres in South Wales although there has been recent damning criticism of the services, particularly on a Sunday. There are plans for a new bus/taxi/train integrated transport system at Bridgend railway station. Bus stops are found throughout the town.
[edit] Taxi
Bridgend has several licensed taxi-firms and taxis can be found near the bus and train stations as well as taxi ranks in the town centre.
[edit] Cycle
A new east-west cycle route has been constructed from Brackla through to Broadlands and into Cefn Glas. Most roads are safe enough to cycle on although at peak times, most areas near roundabouts in particular are hazardous without due care.
Bridgend is on the National Cycle Route and there are off-road spurs from the Celtic Trail to the town centre and a community route in the Ogmore Valley. Glyncorrwg and the Afan Valley about 12 miles north of Bridgend near Maesteg is famed for its mountain bike trails, considered amongst the best in Europe.
[edit] Education
Bridgend Town has 2 (rival) comprehensive schools, Brynteg Comprehensive and Bryntirion Comprehensive. Brynteg generally serves the area east of the River Ogmore, while Bryntirion serves the areas west of the river. Brynteg is renowned for its rugby alumni, including several Welsh Internationals but athletes in other sports have also attended like Top Women's Cyclist Nicole Cooke. Bryntirion has also produced its fair share of talent, notably Gareth Llewellyn. Bryntirion also has a reputation in the area for the quality of its' musical productions.
There are also 2 other (rival) comprehensive schools in the bridgend area, Archbishop McGrath Comprehensive and Ynysawdre Comprehensive. The two schools are situated across from each other, and are fierce rivals in almost every aspect.
There are at least 9 primary/junior-infant schools in the town.
There are also 2 special schools, Heronsbridge and Ysgol Bryn Castell.
Bridgend College is the towns higher-education campus which offers vocational courses as well as GCSE's and A-Levels. It has links with other local colleges (Pencoed, Maesteg and Porthcawl) as well as the University of Glamorgan.
[edit] Health
Since the closure and redevelopment of Bridgend General Hospital in the 1990s, Acute-care and accident and emergency services have been provided by the Princess of Wales Hospital. GP's Surgeries are scattered throughout the town, as are dentists.
There is also a large psychiatric hospital, Glanrhyd near Pen-y-Fai.
[edit] Culture
[edit] Shopping and Visits
In the town centre the main shopping areas are the Rhiw Shopping Centre(containing Bridgend Market), Adare Street, Caroline Street, Derwen Road, Nolton Street, Queen Street, Dunraven Place, Market Street and Cheapside (home of the Brackla Street Centre and future ASDA store.) Most high street names can be found in and around the town centre (with one or two exceptions), these areas are within close proximity to the bus and train stations as are pay and display car parks. The prices at the car parks have been a contentious issue.
There are out-of-town shopping areas at Waterton near the A473, Cowbridge Road and at Junction 36 of the M4, home to Sainsbury's and the Bridgend Designer Outlet and Odeon Cinema. Ample free parking is provided at the out-of-town sites.
[edit] Nightlife
There are numerous public houses and restaurants within the town centre. There is only one specific nightclub, Lava-Ignite although a few of the pubs double up as nightclubs or specifically create a nightclub atmosphere.
Bridgend town centre is generally safe although there are incidences of alcohol-fuelled anti-social behaviour like any other British town of Bridgend's size. CCTV is in operation throughout the town centre and there is usually a police presence of some form.
[edit] Music
Bridgend is home to plenty of punk, indie, screamo, metal & emo acts that are playing the clubs of the area, making it a prominent part of the South Wales music scene. This has drawn criticism from those who dislike the culture and the music, but, as it continues to draw, clubs and venues continue to hold such gigs in the area. The bands Funeral for a Friend, Lostprophets and Bullet for My Valentine formally known as Jeff Killed John began their careers by playing venues in Bridgend such as the local Recreation Centre.
There are several smaller, intimate venues in and around the town centre including The Toll House, PS Bar, The Railway Inn and The Barracuda.
Bryan Adams played to a 15,000 crowd at Brewery Field in the town centre on June 2 2006. It is hoped the success of this concert will encourage other acts to play at the venue.
[edit] Sport
For many years, Bridgend was a hotbed of rugby union, but the rugby league code is now the town's primary sport with Celtic Crusaders now running the famous Brewery Field. The side are sometimes considered to be a replacement for the Celtic Warriors rugby union side after their controversial disbanding in 2004 but have built up a loyal following in their own right. The Crusaders will take part in Rugby League's National League Two in 2007 as well as playing a lucrative match against Brisbane Broncos and are aiming to be in Super League by 2009.
In the regionalisation of Welsh Rugby Union in 2003, Bridgend RFC and Pontypridd RFC merged to form the Celtic Warriors. The area represented was massive and there are obvious communication and transport problems in sharing the respective grounds. The decision was made to move the club permanently to the Brewery Field because current Crusaders owner Leighton Samuel, who then owned the Warriors, was the primary leaseholder. Attendances at Warriors matches had been poor but were showing signs of recovery in 2004. But despite a strong finish to the Celtic League season, the region was disbanded to the shock of everyone involved. Professional rugby union in Bridgend and the valleys ended in an instant. The people of the areas involved now have to identify with teams outside the locality, support their semi professional Welsh Premiership team the Bridgend Ravens or some have even switched to rugby league.
Bridgend's second rugby league side is the Bridgend Blue Bulls, the current Welsh Conference champions and one the UK's most successful amateur clubs having won two national amateur titles in four years. The Bulls played at Coychurch Road but following the announcement about the setting up of the Celtic Crusaders they were invited to play at the Brewery Field but the owner Leighton Samuel. Unfortunately on year on they were unceremoniously refused permission to continue playing at the Brewery Field by Mr Leighton Samuel in the middle of the season. They were helped out at the last minute by Porthcawl RFC and staged the remaining 2006 home games there. Their home ground for 2007 is under discussion but it will NOT be the Brewery Field.
Bridgend Ravens are a new rugby union club in the town. Formed out of the ashes of the original Bridgend RFC in 2004 following Bridgend RFC's owner Leighton Samuel taking the decision to withdraw from Rugby Union. The original company was finally wound up by its owner Leighton Samuel due to mounting debts in 2006. The Bridgend Ravens side are semi-professional, play in the Welsh Premiership and rent the Brewery Field from the Crusaders in the winter months. But most importantly they are debt free. Bridgend is also home to other rugby union sides including Bridgend Athletic RFC, Bridgend Sports RFC and South Wales Police RFC.
Bridgend has two main football teams, Bridgend Town FC, and Bryntirion Athletic FC, both sides play in the Welsh Football League First Division. Bridgend Town FC will need to relocate in the next few years from its Coychurch Road ground due to a planned road and housing estate on the ground in conjunction with the new ASDA store.
Bridgend also has local cricket clubs, golf courses and tennis & bowls facilities at the local club, the Bridgend Lawn Tennis And Bowls Association.
Amongst all that a strong Cyberathletics community has been forming at a local Internet Cafe, Alias Computers Ltd. Holding weekly tournaments in the popular Multiplayer game First-Person Shooter Counter-Strike: Source and currently planning LAN parties within the Bridgend area.
[edit] Eisteddfodau
Bridgend hosted the National Eisteddfod in 1948 and 1998. The 1998 Eisteddfod was actually considerably nearer Pencoed.
[edit] Media
Bridgend has its own commercial radio station: 106.3 Bridge FM, and is the base of Celtica radio. It has several newspapers, namely the Glamorgan Gazette.
[edit] Twinning
Bridgend has twinning arrangements with:
[edit] Famous People From Bridgend
- Downtown Julie Brown (Actress)
- Mark Donovan (Actor)
- Bullet for My Valentine (Band)
- Funeral for a Friend (Band)
- Hondo Maclean (Band)
- The Partisans (Band)
- Howard Marks (International drug-smuggler and author)
- David Emanuel (fashion designer)
- Gavin Henson (Rugby player)
- Robert Howley (Rugby player)
- Gareth Thomas (Rugby player)
- Scott Gibbs (Rugby player)
- Gareth Llewellyn (Rugby player)
- JPR Williams (Rugby player)
- Carwyn Jones (Senior Welsh Politician)
- Huw Edwards (BBC Newsreader)
- King Arthur is rumoured to have been buried at Coed-y-Mwstwr, 2-3 miles from the town centre near Coychurch.
[edit] See also
[edit] External links
