Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka

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Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka
Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka cover
Studio album by Brian Jones and Master Musicians of Jajouka
Released 1971; rereleased 1995
Recorded 1968
Genre World music, trance music
Label Point Music
Producer(s) Brian Jones

Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka, originally Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka,[1][2] was an album produced by Brian Jones of the Rolling Stones band, originally released in 1971 on Rolling Stones Records. The album was the first released on the Rolling Stones' own record label, Rolling Stones Records, distributed by ATCO, a division of "Atlantic Recording Corporation, Musidor, N.V." in 1971.[3] It is widely credited with being the first World music LP,[citation needed] and was significant for presenting the Moroccan group to a global audience, drawing other musicians "following in Jones' footsteps to Jajouka, including jazz great Ornette Coleman.[2]

The album was a recording of the Moroccan group the Master Musicians of Jajouka,[4] as they have been known on recordings since their second album recorded in 1972,[5] led by Hadj Abdesalam Attar[2] in performance in their village, Jajouka, spelled "Joujouka" on the original album.[6] Jones called the tracks "a specially chosen representation" of music played in the village during the annual week-long Rites of Pan Festival.[7]

Contents

[edit] Background

Painter/novelist Brion Gysin first heard music from the area with American writer Paul Bowles at a festival in 1950.[8][9] Entranced with the music's sound, he later was led to the village to hear the music in person by Moroccan painter Mohamed Hamri.[9][10][11][12] Gysin[10], along with Hamri,[13] brought Brian Jones to hear the village music in 1968.[8]

The album's music included songs meant for the village's "most important religious holiday festival, Aid el Kbir".[8] The festival's ritual of dressing a young boy dressed as "Bou Jeloud, the Goat God" wearing the "skin of a freshly slaughtered goat", involved the child's running to "spread panic through the darkened village" as the musicians played with abandon.[8][14] Gysin connected the ritual, performed to protect the village's health in the coming year, to the fertility festival of Lupercalia and the "ancient Roman rites of Pan"; he referred to the Bou Jeloud dancer as "Pan" and "the Father of Skins".[8][9] This name stuck, leading to the reference to Pan in the album's title.[8]

Jones, recording engineer George Chkiantz, and Gysin travelled to the village in 1968, accompanied by Hamri and Jones's girlfriend Suki Potier to record the musicians using a portable Uher recorder.[14][15][16] Jones worked on the two-track recordings in London, adding stereo phasing, echo, and other effects.[17][18] Jones edited the full-band selection to 14 minutes by "cross-phasing fragments of a work that runs to some ninety minutes in uncut form".[17]

The album included three types of music: repetitive vocal chants "similar to those employed throughout Islam", flute and drum music featuring "several distinct melodic motifs and improvisations over a drone" played by two flutists and several drummers, and the full village orchestra's drum and horn music played to accompany the "frenzied dance of Bou Jeloud, a Moroccan Pan".[14]

Original album cover from 1971
Original album cover from 1971

New York Times reviewer Robert Palmer reported that the call-and-response horn motifs are "handed down from generation to generation".[17] Palmer, noting the "drumming rhythms are definitely African", paraphrased Gysin as connecting the musical origins to Spain, "from the Moorish courts of Cordova and Seville".[17]

The cover illustration on the 1971 album was originally a painting by Mohamed Hamri [19][20] depicting the master musicians with Brian Jones in the center.[1] Jones edited the album and prepared the art work together with designer, Al Vandenburg. He put one of Hamri's son’s paintings on the inside cover.[20] Jones finished producing the LP several months before his death in 1969.[21]

Jones' ex-girlfriend Anita Pallenberg said that Jones had wanted the to incorporate the Jajouka sound into the music of the Rolling Stones.[citation needed] In the Jean-Luc Godard movie Sympathy for the Devil, Rolling Stones drummer Charlie Watts is seen playing a Jajouka drum during a rehearsal.[citation needed]

[edit] Album-cover change and name change

In 1995, a CD reissue of the album licensed from the Rolling Stones by Point Music included a new cover. While the original vinyl album consisted of "two untitled, unbroken LP sides", the reissue separated the songs into six tracks with titles.[22][23]

With Jones credited as producer, the CD's executive producers were Philip Glass, Kurt Munkacsi, and Rory Johnston.[24] The CD's album title changed to "Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan At Jajouka", reflecting a widely recognized[25] spelling of the village name the band used on its second album, recorded in 1972 by producer Joel Rubiner and released in 1974. The "Jajouka" spelling in the band name was used for the group at times prior to the album's release as well.[26][27]

The 1995 CD release on Point Music included on its cover and in the liner notes photos of the late Jones by Michael Cooper and new photos of the village musicians, Bachir Attar and a "Bou Jeloud" dancer by American photographer Cherie Nutting.[28] A Brion Gysin illustration decorated an essay by Paul Bowles in the liner notes.[29] The multi-page booklet also included reminiscences and essays about the original band written by Brion Gysin, David Silver, Stephen Davis, William Burroughs, Brian Jones, and Bachir Attar.[30]

A village group managed by Hamri until his death began releasing records on Sub Rosa in 1995, taking their name spelling, Master Musicians of Joujouka, in memory of the spellings from the 1971 release and from Mohamed Hamri's Tales of Joujouka. A group of the musicians led by Hadj Abdesalam Attar at the time of his 1982 death perform under the name Master Musicians of Jajouka,[31] recording with the Rolling Stones on Steel Wheels in 1989.[32][33] Led by Attar's son and successor,[2][31] tribal band leader[34] Bachir Attar,[31][33] the Master Musicians of Jajouka also released soundrack recordings under that name and album recordings under the name Master Musicians of Jajouka Featuring Bachir Attar in the 1990s and 2000s.

[edit] Point Music reissue track listings (original vinyl release package had no titles)

  1. "55 ("Hamsa oua Hamsine)" –0:58
  2. "War Song/Standing" + "One Half (Kaim Oua Nos") –2:22
  3. "Take Me with You Darling, Take Me with You (Dinimaak A Habibi Dinimaak)" –8:06
  4. "Your Eyes Are Like a Cup of Tea (Al Yunic Sharbouni Ate)" –10:35
  5. "I Am Calling Out (L'Afta)" –5:55
  6. "Your Eyes Are Like a Cup of Tea" (reprise with flute) –18:04

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ a b Album cover (1971). Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka. Rolling Stones Records.
  2. ^ a b c d Anastasia Tsioulcas (September 1, 2005). "World Music Features: Magical, Mystical Morocco". Global Rhythm. Retrieved January 16, 2007.
  3. ^ Inside cover gatefold (1971). Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka. Rolling Stones Records.
  4. ^ Album credits: Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Jajouka. Allmusic.com. Retrieved February 7, 2007.
  5. ^ Album cover (1974). The Master Musicians of Jajouka. Adelphi Records.
  6. ^ Insert sheet essays (1971). Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka. Rolling Stones Records, 1–3.
  7. ^ Jones, Brian (1971). Insert sheet essay. Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Joujouka. Rolling Stones Records, at 1.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Tsioulcas, Anastasia. "Master Musicians of Jajouka". National Geographic World Music. Retrieved Jan. 16, 2007.
  9. ^ a b c Gysin, Brion (1971). Insert sheet essay. Brian Jones Presents The Pipes Of Pan At Joujouka. Rolling Stones Records, at 2.
  10. ^ a b Palmer, Robert (October 14, 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". Rolling Stone, at 42.
  11. ^ Palmer, Robert (March 23, 1989). "Into the Mystic". Rolling Stone, at 105.
  12. ^ Davis, Stephen (2001). Old Gods Almost Dead. Broadway Books, ISBN 0-7679-0312-9, at 197.
  13. ^ Wyman, Bill, with Coleman, Ray (1990). Stone Alone. Viking, ISBN 0-670-82894-7, at 494.
  14. ^ a b c Palmer, Robert (December 19, 1971). "Music for a Moroccan Pan". The New York Times, at D35.
  15. ^ Davis, Stephen (2001). Old Gods Almost Dead. Broadway Books, ISBN 0-7679-0312-9, 249–252.
  16. ^ Wyman, Bill, with Coleman, Ray (1990). Stone Alone. Viking, ISBN 0-670-82894-7, at 496–497.
  17. ^ a b c d Palmer, Robert (December 19, 1971). "Music for a Moroccan Pan". The New York Times, at D40.
  18. ^ Davis, Stephen (2001). Old Gods Almost Dead. Broadway Books, ISBN 0-7679-0312-9, at 253.
  19. ^ Palmer, Robert (October 14, 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". Rolling Stone, at 43.
  20. ^ a b Wyman, Bill, with Coleman, Ray Stone Alone. Viking, ISBN 0-670-82894-7, at 515.
  21. ^ Wyman, Bill, with Coleman, Ray Stone Alone. Viking, ISBN 0-670-82894-7, 515, 527–528.
  22. ^ Unterberger, Richie. "Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Jajouka: Review" Allmusic.com. Retrieved Feb. 7, 2007.
  23. ^ Album cover (1995). Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka. Point Music.
  24. ^ Liner notes (1995). Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka. Point Music, at 14.
  25. ^ Geographic Names Database (January 26, 2007). National Geospatial Intelligence Agency. Retrieved February 6, 2007.
  26. ^ Palmer, Robert (October 14, 1971). "Jajouka: Up the Mountain". Rolling Stone, at 43.
  27. ^ Gysin, Brion (1969). The Process. Doubleday & Company, at 127.
  28. ^ Liner notes (1995). Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka. Point Music, 1, 6–10, 13.
  29. ^ Liner notes (1995). Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka. Point Music, at 11.
  30. ^ Liner notes booklet (1995). Brian Jones Presents The Pipes of Pan at Jajouka. Point Music.
  31. ^ a b c Ranaldo, Lee (August 1996). "Into the Mystic". The Wire. Retrieved January 14, 2007.
  32. ^ Bowles, Paul (1991). Days. The Ecco Press. ISBN 0-88001-269-2.
  33. ^ a b Davis, Stephen (2001). Old Gods Almost Dead. Broadway Books, ISBN 0-7679-0312-9, 504–505.
  34. ^ La Briola, John (August 30, 2001). Mystic Muses: Musical Shamans Keep the Flame Alive During a Rare Visit to Denver". Denver Westword. Retrieved January 16, 2007.

[edit] Further reading

[edit] External links

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