Boston Terrier

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Boston Terrier
Boston Terrier with brindle coat
Alternative names
Boston Bull Boston Bull & Terrier
Country of origin
United States
Classification and breed standards
FCI:	Group 9 Section 11 #140	Stds
AKC:	Non-sporting	Stds
ANKC:	Group 7 (Non-Sporting)	Stds
CKC:	Group 6 - Non-Sporting	Stds
KC (UK):	Utility	Stds
NZKC:	Non-sporting	Stds
UKC:	Companion Breeds	Stds

The Boston Terrier is a breed of dog originating in the United States of America.^[1]

1 Appearance
2 Temperament
3 Health
4 History
5 Miscellaneous
6 Gallery
7 References
8 External links

[edit] Appearance

Boston Terriers are typically small, compactly built, well proportioned, dogs with erect ears, short tails, and a short muzzle that should be free of wrinkles.^[2] They usually have a square sort of face. Boston terriers can weigh from 10 to 25 lbs, typically in the vicinity of 15 lbs.^[3] Boston Terriers usually stand 15-17 inches at the withers.^[4]

The Boston Terrier is characteristically marked with white in proportion to either black, brindle, seal, or a combination of the three. Seal is a color specifically used to describe Boston Terriers and is defined as a black color with red highlights when viewed in the sun or bright light. If all qualities are identical, brindle is the preferred colour according to most breed standards.^[2]^[4]

Ideally white should cover its chest, muzzle, band around the neck, half way up the forelegs, up to the hocks on the rear legs, and a white blaze between but not touching the eyes. In show dogs, symmetrical markings are preferred.^[4] Due to the Boston Terrier's markings resembling formal wear, in addition to its refined and pleasant personality, the breed is commonly referred to as the "American Gentleman." ^[1] The breed is known for its gentle, alert, and intelligent expression.

Frequently, variations on the standard are seen depending on the ancestry of the individual dog. At various times, the English Bulldog, English Mastiff, Staffordshire Bull Terrier, and French Bulldog—among other breeds—have been crossbred with Boston Terrier lines to minimize inbreeding in what is necessarily a small gene pool.

[edit] Temperament

While originally bred for fighting, they were later down bred for companionship. The modern Boston Terrier can be gentle, alert, expressive, and well-mannered. Many still retain the spunky attitude of the typical terrier. It must be noted however, that they are not considered terriers by the American Kennel Club, but are part of the non-sporting group.^[4] Boston Terrier is something of a misnomer. They were originally a cross-breed between the White English Terrier (now extinct) and an English Bulldog.

Some Bostons enjoy having another one for companionship. Both females and males generally bark only when necessary.^[3] Having been bred as a companion dog, they enjoy being around people, and if properly socialized get along well with children, the elderly, other canines, and non-canine pets. Boston Terriers can be very cuddly, while others are more independent. ^[1]

[edit] Health

Several health issues are of concern in the Boston Terrier: cataracts (both juvenile and adult type), cherry eye, luxating patellas, deafness, heart murmur, and allergies. Curvature of the back, called roaching, might be caused by patella problems with the rear legs, which in turn causes the dog to lean forward onto the forelegs.^[1] This might also just be a structural fault with little consequence to the dog. Many Bostons cannot tolerate excessive heat and also extremely cold weather, due to the shortened muzzle, so hot or cold weather combined with demanding exercise can bring harm to a Boston Terrier.

They can live up to 15 years or more, but the average is around 13 years.

The Boston, like other short-snouted breeds have an elongated palate. When excited, they are prone to a "reverse sneeze" where the dog will quickly, and seemingly laboriously, gasp and snort. This is caused by fluid or debris getting caught under the palate and irritating the throat or limiting breathing. "Reverse sneezing" episodes won't hurt a Boston in the least, but it will scare the dog, and maybe its owners, a good deal. The quickest way to stop these episodes is to talk to them calmly and gently rub the throat to induce swallowing. Otherwise, the reverse sneezing will usually resolve on its own.^[5]

Because of their short snouts, they do tend to snort and snore. These can be signs of serious health issues. Due to the Boston's prominent eyes, some are prone to ulcers or minor injuries to their cornea.

[edit] History

The Boston Terrier breed originated around 1870, when Robert C. Hooper of Boston purchased a dog known as Hooper's Judge, a cross between an English Bulldog and an English White Terrier.^[3]

Judge weighed over 30 pounds (13.5 kilos). He was bred down in size with a smaller female and one of his male pups was bred to yet a smaller female. Their offspring interbred with one or more French Bulldogs, providing the foundation for the Boston Terrier. Bred down in size from pit-fighting dogs of the bull and terrier types, the Boston Terrier originally weighed up to 44 pounds (20 kg.) (Olde Boston Bulldogge).^[1] Their weight classifications were once divided into lightweight, middleweight, and heavyweight.

The breed was first shown in Boston in 1870. By 1889 the breed had become sufficiently popular in Boston that fanciers formed the American Bull Terrier Club, but this proposed name for the breed was not well received by the Bull Terrier Fanciers. The breed's nickname, "roundheads", was similarly inappropriate. Shortly after, at the suggestion of James Watson (a noted writer and authority), the club changed its name to the Boston Terrier Club and in 1893 it was admitted to membership in the American Kennel Club. ^[3]

In 1893, the American Kennel Club (AKC) admitted the Boston Terrier breed and gave the club membership status, making it the first American breed to be recognized. It is one of a small number of breeds to have originated in the United States that the AKC recognizes.

The Boston Terrier was the first non-sporting dog bred in America.

In the early years, the color and markings were not very important, but by the 1900s the breed's distinctive markings and color were written into the standard, becoming an essential feature. Terrier only in name, the Boston Terrier has lost most of its ruthless desire for mayhem, preferring the company of humans, although some males will still challenge other dogs if they feel their territory is being invaded.

Boston Terriers enjoyed particular popularity during the 1920's in America.

[edit] Miscellaneous

In 1979, the state legislature recognized the Boston Terrier as the state dog of Massachusetts. ^[6]
Rhett the Boston Terrier is the well-known mascot of Boston University. ^[7]
Sergeant Stubby, a Boston Terrier mix, was the most decorated war dog of World War I, and the only dog to be promoted to sergeant through combat. Stubby also served as one of Georgetown University's earliest mascots (before the English Bulldog was adopted as the official breed of the university's mascots). ^[8]
The Boston Terrier is the mascot of Wofford College. Mascots currently include "Boss the Terrier" and "Lil' Ruff" (both Boston Terrier characters) and Blitz (a purebred Boston Terrier). ^[9]
Redlands High School in Redlands, California has the (Boston) Terrier as their mascot.
Toto is drawn as a Boston Terrier in several Oz Books.
Helen Keller was given a Boston Terrier named Phiz by some of her classmates from Radcliffe College. ^[10] ^[11]
United States President Warren G. Harding owned a Boston Terrier. ^[1]

[edit] Gallery

New born Boston Terrier(November 2006).	8 day old Boston Terrier(December 2006).	Young Boston Terrier pup with black coat and white markings	7 week old Boston Terrier puppies (January 2007).
Black and Brindle Boston Terrier pup, 6 months, 9lbs	14 month-old Boston Terrier; 10 lb	Two year old male Boston Terrier, 26lbs.	13 year old Boston Terrier after cataract surgery

[edit] References

Bulanda, Susan (1994). Boston Terriers. Barron's Educational Series, Inc. ISBN 0-8120-1696-3.

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f Meade, Scottee (2000). The Boston Terrier: An Owner's Guide to a Happy Healthy Pet. Howell Book House. ISBN 1-58245-159-1.
^ ^a ^b http://www.ckc.ca/en/Default.aspx?tabid=99&BreedCode=BST Canadian Kennel Club: Boston Terrier standard. Retrieved March 11, 2007
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Cline, Mrs. Charles D. (1995). Boston Terriers. T.F. H. Publications, Inc. ISBN 0-7938-2397-8.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d http://www.akc.org/breeds/boston_terrier/index.cfm American Kennel Club: Boston Terrier standard. Retrieved March 11, 2007
^ Health Concerns: Respiratory System. Animal Health Center. New Jersey Veterinary Medical Association. Retrieved on April 6, 2007.
^ "History Resources: Massachusetts Fun Facts," Interactive State House. Retrieved from http://www.mass.gov/statehouse/funfacts.htm on 2007-02-27.
^ "Rhett," The BU Fan Zone. Retrieved from http://www.bu.edu/athletics/fans/rhett.html on 2007-02-28.
^ Richmond, Derek (2003-11-04), "From Mascot to Military, Stubby Left Pawprints on Hilltop and Beyond," The Hoya of Georgetown University. Retrieved from http://www.thehoya.com/sports/110403/sports12.cfm on 2007-02-26.
^ Wofford Sports Marketing. Retrieved from http://www.wofford.edu/athletics/sportsMarketing/content.aspx?id=18528 on 2007-02-28.
^ "Boston Terriers," About: Boston, MA. Retrieved from http://boston.about.com/od/glossary/p/bostonterrier.htm on 2007-02-28.
^ "Education 1894-1904," The Helen Keller Kids Museum Online. Retrieved from http://www.afb.org/braillebug/hkgallery.asp?frameid=28#main on 2007-02-28.