Boreham
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Boreham | |
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| OS grid reference | |
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| Parish | Boreham |
| District | Chelmsford |
| Shire county | Essex |
| Region | East |
| Constituent country | England |
| Sovereign state | United Kingdom |
| Post town | CHELMSFORD |
| Postcode district | CM3 |
| Dial code | 01245 |
| Police | Essex |
| Fire | Essex |
| Ambulance | East of England |
| UK Parliament | West Chelmsford |
| European Parliament | East of England |
| List of places: UK • England • Essex | |
Boreham is a village and civil parish in Essex, England. It is located approximately 6 km (3 miles) northeast from the county town of Chelmsford. The village is in the borough of Chelmsford and parliamentary constituency of West Chelmsford.
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[edit] History
The parish of Boreham is ancient, and the village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Borham.[1]
In the 1930s Boreham House and 3000 acres (12 km²) of land surrounding it was bought by car magnate Henry Ford. In addition to using the house as a school for training Ford tractor mechanics, the company's British chairman, Lord Perry, established Fordson Estates Limited there and founded the Henry Ford Institute of Agricultural Engineering, an agricultural college which continues to occupy the house. The house also served as the temporary home for Cranfield University.
Boreham remained relatively small until the mid-1970s when a programme of house and shop building increased its size significantly.
[edit] Geography and administration
In addition to being a village, Boreham is a civil parish which has a Parish Council[2]
The village lies on a Roman road (now a modern trunk road, the A12) and has a well known Norman church and a public house (The Cock Inn) that dates from the 1400s. The surrounding countryside is gently hilly and is used to grow crops such as wheat, sugar beet and peas. It is north of the River Chelmer.
The Great Eastern Main Line line from Chelmsford to Colchester runs past the village, but the Boreham's local halt was removed in the 1960s as part of the Beeching cuts. In the 1970s a bypass was built on the edge of the village, along the same route as the A12 and the nearby railway line.
[edit] Landmarks
Just outside the village is Boreham House, a stately home that was once a palace of Henry VIII and was later the estate of the Tyrell family and latterly the Hoare banking family. Benjamin Hoare commissioned architect Henry Flitcroft to build the current house in 1727; the early Georgian mansion is now a Grade II listed building.
[edit] Boreham airfield
A forest near the village was felled in 1943 to build a military airfield, and the three one-mile (1600 m) runways of RAF Boreham opened in 1944. It hosted elements of the US Army Air Forces 394th Medium Bomb Group (flying B-26 Marauder bombers)[3] and later the 315th Troop Carrier Group flying C-47s. After World War II the three runways were adapted into a roughly triangular motor racing circuit, which hosted competitive meetings between 1949 and 1952. It was bought by Ford in 1955 for use as a development test track.[3] Ford Motor Racing moved to Boreham in 1963, and although some of the track was removed for gravel quarrying in 1996 the remaining track surface continues to be used for testing. Essex Police Air Support Unit have been based at the airfield and in 1990 began using Boreham airfield as a control centre for its fleet of helicopters.[3] In 1997 Essex Air Ambulance was also based at the site.[3]
[edit] Notable residents
- Elizabeth Stafford, Countess of Sussex - is buried in the village.
- Thomas Wharton, 2nd Baron Wharton - was given a residence in the village by Queen Mary I of England.
[edit] Trivia
- Local legend has it that highwayman Dick Turpin rode the A12 on his famous ride from London to York, although historians now believe the ride never occurred.
- A Ham class minesweeper, HMS Boreham, was named after the village.
[edit] References
- ^ Image details (Boreham, Essex) (HTML). www.nationalarchives.gov.uk. Retrieved on January 29, 2007.
- ^ Parish Councils (HTML). www.chelmsford.gov.uk. Retrieved on January 28, 2007.
- ^ a b c d Air Support Unit Location (HTML). www.essex.police.uk. Retrieved on January 29, 2007.
[edit] External links
- Boreham Parish Council
- A 1912 postcard photo of Boreham House
- Details of the Boreham airfield and test-track
- Essex Police page on Boreham airfield
- Boreham - White's Directory of Essex, 1848
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Chelmsford borough, Essex in the East of England: |
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Around the town of Chelmsford: Broomfield • Chelmer Village • Great Baddow • Springfield Towns: Chelmsford • South Woodham Ferrers Villages: Bicknacre • Boreham • Chalk End • Chapel Row • Chatham Green • Chignal Smealy • Chignal St James • Cooksmill Green • Danbury • Downham • East Hanningfield • Fanner's Green • Ford End • Galleywood • Galleyend • Good Easter • Great Leighs • Great Oxney Green • Great Waltham • Highwood • Howe Green • Howe Street • Little Baddow • Little Leighs • Littley Green • Little Waltham • Margaretting • Margaretting Tye • Mashbury • Moulsham • Newney Green • North End • Pepper's Green • Pleshey • Ramsden Heath • Rettendon • Rettendon Place • Roxwell • Runwell • Sandon • South Hanningfield • Stock • Tye Green • West Hanningfield • Writtle • Woodham Ferrers |
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| Chelmsford is the county town of Essex List of places in Essex |
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