Boden's Mate

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This article uses algebraic notation to describe chess moves.
Schulder–Boden, London, 1853
Image:chess_zhor_26.png
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a8 b8 c8 d8 e8 f8 g8 h8
a7 b7 c7 d7 e7 f7 g7 h7
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 h6
a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 f5 g5 h5
a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3
a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2
a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 g1 h1
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The final position after 15...Ba3#

Boden's Mate is a checkmate pattern in chess.

It is named after Samuel Boden, who delivered the first known example of this mate in Schulder-Boden, London, 1853, a Philidor's Defense. The moves of that game were 1.e4 e5 2.Nf3 d6 3.c3 f5 4.Bc4 Nf6 5.d4 fxe4 6.dxe5 exf3 7.exf6 Qxf6 8.gxf3 Nc6 9.f4 Bd7 10.Be3 O-O-O 11.Nd2 Re8 12.Qf3 Bf5 13.O-O-O? (13.Bd5 is better) 13...d5! 14.Bxd5?? (moving into a forced mate; much better is 14.Rde1) 14...Qxc3+ 15.bxc3 Ba3#, giving the final checkmate position shown in the diagram: the king is mated by the two criss-crossing bishops, and blocked by two friendly pieces.

The same pattern has occurred in many games since, usually, as here, after the losing king has castled on the queen-side, and the winner sets up the mate by a queen sacrifice on c3 or c6. More rarely, the mate can occur, for example, (a) where a White bishop on g6 delivers mate to a Black king on e8, which is hemmed in by a White bishop on a3, and its own queen on d8 and knight on d7 or (b) where a bishop on h6 delivers mate to a Black king on f8, which is hemmed in by a White bishop on c4, and its own queen or bishop on e8 and knight on e7.

Canal–N.N., Budapest, 1934
Image:chess_zhor_26.png
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a8 b8 c8 d8 e8 f8 g8 h8
a7 b7 c7 d7 e7 f7 g7 h7
a6 b6 c6 d6 e6 f6 g6 h6
a5 b5 c5 d5 e5 f5 g5 h5
a4 b4 c4 d4 e4 f4 g4 h4
a3 b3 c3 d3 e3 f3 g3 h3
a2 b2 c2 d2 e2 f2 g2 h2
a1 b1 c1 d1 e1 f1 g1 h1
Image:chess_zver_26.png
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Position in the Peruvian Immortal after 10...O-O-O??

Perhaps the most famous example of Boden's mate is the so called Peruvian Immortal game, Canal-N.N., simultaneous exhibition, Budapest 1934: 1.e4 d5 2.exd5 Qxd5 3.Nc3 Qa5 4.d4 c6 5.Nf3 Bg4 6.Bf4 e6 7.h3 Bxf3 8.Qxf3 Bb4 9.Be2 Nd7 10.a3 O-O-O?? 11.axb4! Qxa1+ 12.Kd2! Qxh1 13.Qxc6+! bxc6 14.Ba6#

12...Ne5 was a slightly better try, but White still mates quickly after 13.Bxe5! (13.Rxa1 Nxf3+ 14.Bxf3 gives White a won ending after 14...Rxd4+ 15.Ke3 Rxb4 16.Rxa7 or 14...a6 15. Ne4!) 13...Qxh1 (13...Rxd4+ 14.Bxd4 Qxh1 15.Bxg7 +-) 14.Qxf7 Ne7 15.Qxe6+! Rd7 16.Bg4 Rhd8 17.Qd6 forcing mate.

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