BMW M62
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| BMW M62/S62 | |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | BMW |
| Production | 1994–2003 |
| Predecessor | BMW M60 |
| Successor | BMW N62 |
| Class | DOHC 90° V8 |
| Engine | 3.5 L (3498 cc/213 in³) 4.4 L (4398 cc/268 in³) 4.6 L (4619 cc/281 in³) 4.9 L (4941 cc/301 in³) |
| Similar | Jaguar AJ-V8 Ford Modular V8 Ford/Yamaha V8 GM Premium V Mercedes-Benz M113/M155 BMW N62 Toyota UZ Nissan VH Nissan VK |
The BMW M62 is a V8 piston engine. It is a modern aluminum block engine with 98 mm bore centers and is built in Munich, Germany. It has an aluminum engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. The cylinders are lined with cast iron. It uses SFI fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder with VVT and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods.
| Engine | Displacement | Power | Torque | Redline | Year |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M62B35 | 3.5 L (3498 cc/213 in³) | 173 kW (232 hp) @ 5700 | 320 N·m (236 ft·lbf) @ 3300 | 6200 | 1996 |
| M62TUB35 | 175 kW (235 hp) @ 5800 | 345 N·m (254 ft·lbf) @ 3800 | 1998 | ||
| 180 kW (241 hp) @ 5800 | 345 N·m (254 ft·lbf) @ 3800 | 1998 | |||
| M62B44 | 4.4 L (4398 cc/268 in³) | 210 kW (282 hp) @ 5700 | 420 N·m (310 ft·lbf) @ 3900 | 6100 | 1996 |
| M62TUB44 | 210 kW (282 hp) @ 5400 | 440 N·m (325 ft·lbf) @ 3600 | 1998 | ||
| M62B46 | 4.6 L (4619 cc/281 in³) | 255 kW (342 hp) @ 5700 | 480 N·m (354 ft·lbf) @ 3700 | 6500 | 2001 |
| S62B50 | 4.9 L (4941 cc/301 in³) | 294 kW (394 hp) @ 6600 | 500 N·m (369 ft·lbf) @ 3800 | 1998 |
[edit] M62B35
The 3.5 L (3498 cc) M62B35 was introduced in the 1996 535i.
Applications:
- 173 kW (245 hp) and 320 N·m (236 ft·lbf)
- 1996-1997 E39 535i
- 1994-1997 E38 735i/735iL
[edit] M62TUB35
Applications:
- 174 kW (233 hp) and 345 N·m (254 ft·lbf)
- 1998-2001 E38 735i/735iL
- 180 kW (241 hp) and 345 N·m (254 ft·lbf)
[edit] M62B44
The M62B44 is a 4.4 L (4398 cc) version with a 92 mm bore and 82.7 mm stroke. Output is 283 hp (210 kW) at 5750 RPM with 310 ft·lbf (420 Nm) of torque at 3900 RPM.
The M62B44 has an aluminum engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. The cylinders are lined with cast iron. It uses SFI fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder with VVT and features fracture-split forged powder metal connecting rods.
- 210 kW (283 hp) and 420 N·m (310 ft·lbf)
[edit] M62TUB44
- 210 kW (283 hp) and 440 N·m (325 ft·lbf)
- Land Rover Range Rover
[edit] M62B46
The M62B46 was a 4.6 L (4619 cc) version producing 255 kW (342 hp) and 480 N·m (354 ft·lbf) of torque.
Applications:
[edit] S62
The high-performance S62 was made for the E39 M5 and E52 Z8. It is a 5.0 L (4941 cc) V8 engine and is based on the same architecture as the regular aluminium block 4.4 Litre BMW M62 powerplant found in the E39 540i. BMW Motorsport (M) Division has extensively modified the engine for increased power and torque.
Past M5 engines were assembled at M division headquarters in Garching, Germany but the S62 M5 engines are now assembled at the Dingolfing assembly plant.
The M5’s engine starts with an aluminum and silicon alloy (Alusil) engine block as do all current BMW V-8’s and V-12’s. Cylinder linings are etched after honing to promote oil retention and reduce friction. The S62’s V-8 block shares the M62's basic architecture but with 94.0 mm (3.7 in) cylinder bores vs. the M62's 92.0. The stroke is increased from 82.7 mm to 89.0 mm (3.5 in) significantly improving torque. This results in a displacement of 4941 cc, or approximately 5 liters (301 cu in). The cylinder centers are 98.0 mm apart, leaving only 4 mm of block surface between cylinders. For effective sealing with this tight cylinder spacing, BMW M engineers developed new 3-layer steel head gaskets to help ensure isolation of gasoline, oil and coolant.
Based on the cylinder heads used in other BMW V-8’s, the M5’s heads are rejacketed for crossflow cooling, as is customary in M division engines. The intake side of the heads also gets coolant passages. Valve adjustment is not needed, thanks to hydraulic lifters, as fitted on the U.S. spec. M3 inline-6. This is the first European-market M car to use hydraulic lifters.
The air induction system is also unique to the S62. Air is taken in at two points behind the front bumper, passes through two intake silencers and two hot-film air-mass meters, and then flows into the voluminous plenum atop the engine. From there, air courses through 230-mm intake runners (including the throttle housings) to the individual cylinders. The entire assembly of plenum and runners is attached to the throttle housings via a rubber/metal flange (one per bank) that acoustically and thermally decouples the plenum from the engine itself thereby keeping the air charge cooler before it passes into the cylinders.
Admission of air to the cylinders is not through typical "throttle body," but through eight individual throttle butterflies (each 50 mm or 1.97 in. in diameter), one for each cylinder. Individual throttles are a very costly feature and previous large M six cylinder engines powering the M1, M5 and M6 models, all had this feature. However, the S62 is the first BMW engine with electronically actuated individual throttles. Positioned much nearer the cylinders than a single throttle can be, these throttles eliminate air flow “lag times" significantly improving throttle response. Each throttle operates in its own housing, mounted directly above the intake port. The electronic throttle linkage (or so-called “fly-by-wire” system) is actuated by two potentiometers as the driver depresses the accelerator. The driver accelerator inputs are processed by the engine control module and received by a DC servo motor between the cylinder banks. Through a small gearbox, this motor drives a shaft that in turn drives a link to each bank rotating the four throttle butterflies of that bank. These two links rotate the two throttle shafts, connecting via ball joints at cylinders 3 and 6. From these points, the other three throttles of each bank are opened and closed in unison. The servo motor reacts to any pedal movement in 120 milliseconds, so the driver perceives no lag time – only instant throttle response. The M Driving Dynamics Control System, controlled by the Sport button on the dash, provides two settings for throttle response: Normal mode and a quicker Sport mode. In the Sport mode, throttle response is more immediate and linear. In the non-Sport or Normal mode, throttle tip-in is softer and more languid. Additionally, the throttles of cylinders 4 and 8 also have their own feedback sensors to monitor the throttles' operation. If a fault is recognized, the system switches to one of four "limp-home" modes that can allow operation at up to 62 mph.
Bosch Motronic port fuel injection is utilized. Fuel pressure, at up to 5 bar (72.5 psi), varies according to need. Interestingly, the fuel regulator is also plumbed into the fuel filter. Excess fuel delivered to the filter/regulator returns directly to the fuel tank without passing through the fuel lines to the engine compartment and fuel rails. This keeps the excess fuel unpressurized, which thus keeps fuel heating to a minimum.
The S62 is BMW’s first V-8 engine equipped with Double VANOS; a system that steplessly varies the timing of both intake and exhaust valves of both cylinder banks. The VANOS acronym refers to variable cam control or variable valve timing which in German is VAriable NOckenwellen Steuerung. While current BMW 2.5 and 2.8 liter 6-cylinder engines also have the Double VANOS system , the 4.4 liter M62 V-8 has a Single VANOS system that steplessly varies only intake valve timing. Double VANOS is employed for the first time on a BMW V-8 with the introduction of the S62 engine. In addition to enhanced low to medium engine speed torque, the advantages of VANOS include:
- Reduced unburned hydrocarbons during idling
- Smooth idling
- Internal exhaust-gas recirculation at low speeds for improved control of oxides of nitrogen (NOx)
- Quicker warm-up of the catalytic converters after a cold start with reduced emissions during this operational phase
- Reduced combustion noise
As on other BMW engines, the VANOS mechanisms are located at the front of the cylinder heads. The 1450 psi of hydraulic pressure used to actuate VANOS is produced by two dedicated oil pumps; one for each cylinder head. Valve timing is varied over a range of 60 degrees in terms of crankshaft rotation with a wider adjustment range than that of other BMW engines.
The S62 has its own unique electronic control unit (ECU) manufactured by Siemens (designated MSS 52) which oversees:
- Basic engine functions
- Electronic throttle system (including cruise control)
- G-sensitive lubrication system
- Thermal oil-level sender
- Variable tachometer warning zone
- Catalytic-converter protective functions
- Double VANOS variable valve timing
- Maximum engine speed (7000 rpm)
- M Driving Dynamics Control, which provides two settings for the throttle system and power steering.
A forged five-main bearing crankshaft with counterweights receives Mallory metal plugs for extremely fine balance. Connecting rods are forged as one piece. The caps are then fracture split for the best possible fit when being installed. Balancing pads are also placed on both small and large ends of the rods.
Piston design is unique to the S62 motor. For optimum power output, the engineers designed specifically shaped cutouts in the piston crowns for the intake and exhaust valves. This requires a different piston design for each cylinder bank, rather than the usual identical design for all pistons. The pistons are fitted with valve reliefs, and each is cooled by two upward-firing oil jets per cylinder. The oil jets are indexed to oil pressure; when pressure reaches 2.5 bar (36 psi), they begin operating. This level of oil pressure is a good indication of higher-than-average load and rpm. Oil cooling is provided by two separate oil passages in the crankcase. The compression ratio is 11.0:1, a full point higher than for the 4.4-liter V-8 and thus contributing to the engine's high power and torque output.
Given the 45 degree cant (from vertical) of the cylinder banks and the M5's cornering capability of over 1g, natural return of oil to the sump might have been inadequate during extreme cornering. Thus the M engineers devised a unique system to ensure effective engine lubrication at all times. In addition to the main oil (pressure) pump, there are two scavenging (suction) pumps, one for each cylinder bank. In normal and light cornering conditions, oil from the heads and main bearings flow back into the semi-dry sump at the rear of the engine via the two suction pumps. In hard cornering (0.9g or more), the Dynamic Stability Control system's lateral-g sensor switches magnetic valves to reroute oil extraction points to alternate locationsthe outer sides of the heads and sump—preventing a backup of oil collecting in the outside of the head thus avoiding potential oil starvation. This system remains active even if the driver switches off the Dynamic Stability Control.
The oil level (sump capacity of 7 liters or 7.4 quarts) and temperature are monitored by a thermal sensor. A warning appears in the Check Control display if the oil level falls below a certain point. An oil-temperature gauge replaces the fuel economy gauge in the tachometer face. Oil is cooled by a coolant-oil heat exchanger, the first ever used on a gasoline engine.
The V-8's two cylinder heads are modified to provide efficient coolant flow across the head and the coolant passages are enlarged. Coolant is circulated by a larger water pump with a capacity of 380 liters per minute (83.6 gallons/min.). Improvements in radiator efficiency negated any reason to enlarge it for the M5.
Other significant features of the cylinder heads include hollow camshafts of nodular cast iron for reduced inertia and long life. The S62's 35-mm intake and 30.5-mm exhaust valves are shared with the M62 engine, but valve timing is specific to this engine. The intake cam profiles yield 10.32 mm (0.410 in.) valve lift and 252 degrees total duration and the exhaust cam profiles yield 10.2 mm (0.400 in.) lift and 248 degrees duration, with Double VANOS shifting their timing to vary overlap. As in other current BMW V8 and 6-cylinder engines, the valves are actuated by no-maintenance bucket-type hydraulic lifters.
In place of the M62 engine's simplex roller chain driving both intake camshafts, the S62 employs a heavier-duty duplex (double roller) chain driving each intake camshaft. As in the M62, two secondary simplex (single-roller) chains then drive the exhaust camshafts from the intake camshafts.
Exiting the engine through double-wall stainless-steel exhaust headers (as on the M62 engine), exhaust gases then flow through one tri-metal catalytic converter per cylinder bank. There are four oxygen sensors: two ahead of the converters and two behind. A pressure-equalizer balance pipe connects the two exhaust streams behind the converters, enhancing low-speed torque and contributing to the engine's wonderful exhaust note. Aft of the catalytic converters, the full dual exhaust system includes two resonators and four mufflers that end in four stainless-steel outlets.
The variable tachometer warning zone innovation reminds drivers that a cold engine (especially a high-performance one) should be treated with care. When the engine is first started, the tachometer's warning zone (indicated by orange LED’s) begins at 4000 rpm. As the engine warms, LED’s are extinguished to lift the limit in increments of 500 rpm until the warning field begins at its normal 6500 rpm. The actual rpm limit is 7000.
In summary, when compared to 4.4-liter M62 power plant fitted to the E39 540i, the S62 V8 engine has been extensively modified by BMW M in the following areas:
- Increased bore to 94mm (from 92mm) and increased stroke to 89mm (from 82.7mm) for a total displacement of 4,941cc (up from 4,398cc)
- Increased compression to 11.0:1 (from 10.0:1)
- Individual electronically-controlled throttle bodies for each cylinder with M Driving Dynamics two-stage control (via the "Sport" button)
- Double VANOS continuously-variable valve timing on both the intake and exhaust strokes
- Bosch Motronic port fuel injection
- Siemens MSS 52 digital engine control system
- Three-layer steel head gaskets
- Dual air induction system
- Modified cylinder heads
- Hollow nodular iron camshafts
- High-capacity water pump
- Duplex chain drive for the intake cams
- Oil-cooled pistons unique to each cylinder bank
- G-force-sensitive lubrication system with two scavenging pumps, one for each cylinder bank
- Coolant to oil heat exchanger for engine cooling
- Free-flow exhaust with dual catalytic converters and four exhaust tips
The S62 engine produces 400 hp (DIN) or 394 hp (SAE) at 6,600 rpm and 369 lb/ft of torque at 3,800 rpm. It is easily identified by its large central cam cover that carries the "M" logo and is further inscribed with "BMW M Power" against a simulated carbon fiber background.
Applications:
