Blackburn Ripon

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Ripon
Type	Torpedo bomber
Manufacturer	Blackburn Aircraft
Maiden flight	17 April 1926
Retired	1944, Finland
Primary users	Fleet Air Arm Finnish Air Force
Number built	92
Variants	Blackburn Baffin

The Blackburn Ripon was a British carrier-based torpedo-bomber and reconnaissance biplane which first flew in 1926. It was used by the Fleet Air Arm as a torpedo bomber from 1930 until 1935. Ripons were also sold to Finland, where they continued to be used in action in the Winter War and the Continuation War until 1944.

Contents 1 Development 2 Service 3 Variants 4 Operators 5 Specifications (Ripon IIC) 6 References 7 Related content

[edit] Development

The Blackburn Ripon was designed to replace the single seat Blackburn Dart torpedo bomber. In accordance with Air Ministry Specification 21/23, it was also required to be able to be used for long range reconnaisance, for which a two-man crew was demanded. The first prototype flew on 17 April 1926 as a landplane, with the second prototype following on 26 August first flying as a seaplane. Initial trials against its competitors, the Handley Page Harrow and the Avro Buffalo, showed that none of the competitors were adequate, so the Ripon was redesigned with an improved engine installation, an enlarged rudder and increased sweepback on the wings. Thus improved, the Ripon was declared the winner and ordered for service.

Four prototypes and 90 production types were manufactured by Blackburn for use by the Fleet Air Arm. The Blackburn Baffin was a development of the Ripon, which replaced it in service with the Fleet Air Arm, with 68 Ripons converted to Baffins.

[edit] Service

The Ripon entered service with the Fleet Air Arm in 1929, six joining No 462 (Fleet Torpedo Bomber) Flight aboard HMS Furious in January of that year. The Ripon was normally used as a carrier based landplane by the Fleet Air Arm, and although capable of being converted to a seaplane, was rarely fiited with floats. The Ripon continued in service with Torpedo Bomber flights until 1933, when the Fleet Air Arm was re-organised into three larger squadrons, No. 810, No. 811 and No. 812. The last Ripons were retired from service in January 1935 when 811 Naval Air Squadron re-equipped with Blackburn Baffins.

The Blackburn Ripon was also ordered for use by the Finnish air force, with one example for Finland being built by Blackburn, before 25 were produced under Licence at the Finnish Aircraft Factory. These were powered with a number of different radial engines, engines, with the pattern aircraft having a 530 hp Bristol Jupiter VII, the next 7 having 480 hp Gnome Rhone Jupiter VI, followed by 8 with 535 hp Armstrong Siddeley Panther engines and the final 10 with 580 hp Bristol Pegasus engines. The Finnish air force used Ripons as reconnaissance aircraft against the Soviet Union in the Winter War and the Continuation War. After losing an aircraft to Soviet fighters in 1939, the Ripon was limited to night missions. The last missions were flown in 1944.

One Ripon coded RI-140 was stored and has been reassembled and put on display in the Päijät-Häme aviation museum recently.[1] It is the only preserved example.

[edit] Variants

• Ripon I : Prototype. Two built.
• Ripon II : Initial Production - 20 built (Many converted to Mk IICs).
• Ripon IIA : Metal ribbed wings, with forward firing machine gun added. - 40 produced.
• Ripon IIC : All metal wings - 30 produced.
• Ripon III : Prototype with lengthened nose and new tail. One built.
• Ripon IIF : Two-seat reconnaissance, torpedo-bomber aircraft for the Finnish Air Force.

[edit] Operators

• United Kingdom.
  • Royal Navy Fleet Air Arm.
• Finland.
  • Finnish Air Force.

[edit] Specifications (Ripon IIC)

Data from The British Bomber^[1].

General characteristics

• Crew: 2
• Length: 36 ft 9 in (11.20 m)
• Wingspan: 44 ft 10 in (13.67 m)
• Height: 12 ft 10 in (3.91m)
• Wing area: 683 ft² (63 m²)
• Empty weight: 4,132lb (1,878 kg)
• Loaded weight: 7,282 lb (3,310 kg)
• Powerplant: 1× Napier Lion X, XI or XIA 12 cylinder broad arrow piston engine, 570 hp (425 kW)

Performance

• Maximum speed: 96 knots (111 mph, 179 km/h)
• Range: 356 nm (410 mi, 660 km)
• Service ceiling: 10,000 ft (3,050 m)
• climb to 6,500 ft: 15 min 30 sec

Armament

• 1 fixed, forward firing Vickers gun (not Mk II) and one Lewis gun in rear cockpit.

Either

• One 18 in torpedo

or

• up to three 530 lb or six 230 lb bombs.

[edit] References

1. ^ Mason, Francis K (1994). The British Bomber since 1914. Putnam Aeronautical Books. ISBN 0 85177 861 5. 

[edit] Related content

Related development

Blackburn Baffin

 

Designation sequence

F.2 Lincock - B-3 - T.8/B-5 Baffin - T.9/B-6 Shark - B-7 - B-24 Skua