Bishopric of Langres

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The bishopric of Langres is a Roman Catholic diocese comprising the département of Haute-Marne.

Contents

[edit] History

Mgr. Louis Duchesne considers Senator, Justus and St. Desiderius (Didier), who was martyred during the invasion of the Vandals (about 407), as the first three bishops of Langres; the see, therefore, must have been founded about the middle of the fourth century.

[edit] Bishops

The bishops until 1016 resided at Dijon and exercised until 1731 spiritual jurisdiction over the territory of the present Diocese of Dijon.

[edit] To 1000

  • c. 200 Sénateur
  • c. 240 Juste
  • c. 264 Didier (or Dizier)
  • Vacant
  • 284-301 Martin
  • 301-327 Honoratius
  • 327-375 Urban of Langres
  • 375-422 Paulin I
  • 422-448 Fraterne I
  • 448-455 Fraterne II
  • 456-484 Apruncule
  • 485-490 Armentaire
  • 490-493 Venance
  • 493-498 Paulin II or Paul
  • 498-501 Patient
  • 501-506 Albiso
  • 506-539 Gregory of Langres
  • 539-572 Tetricus of Langres
  • 572-583 Papoul
  • 583-595 Mummole le Bon
  • 595-618 Miget
  • 618-628 Modoald
  • 628-650 Berthoald
  • 650-660 Sigoald
  • 660-670 Wulfrand
  • 670-680 Godin
  • 680-682 Adoin
  • 682-690 Garibald
  • 690-713 Héron
  • 713-742 Eustorge
  • † um 759 Vaudier
  • 759-772 Herulphe
  • 772-778 Ariolf
  • 778-790 Baldric
  • 790-820 Belto
  • 820-838 Albéric
  • 838-856 Thibaut I.
  • 859-880 Isaac
  • 880-891 Gilon de Tournus
  • 891-899 Thibaut II.
  • 899-901 Argrin. Abdique
  • 909-922 Garnier I.
  • 922-931 Gotzelin
  • 932 Lethéric
  • 932-948 Héric or Héry (Erzkanzler)
  • 948-969 Achard (Erzkanzler)
  • 969-980 Vidric
  • 980-1015 Brunon von Roucy
  • St. Martin (411-20)
  • St. Urban (425-40)
  • St. Paulinus (440-50)
  • St. Aprunculus, the friend of Sidonius Apollinaris and his successor in the bishopric of Clermont (470-84)
  • St. Gregory (509-39), great-grandfather of St. Gregory of Tours, who transferred the relics of St. Benignus
  • St. Tetricus, son of St. Gregory (539-72), whose coadjutor was St. Monderic, brother of St. Arnoul, Bishop of Metz
  • Blessed Migetius (589-618)
  • St. Herulphus or Hanolfus (759-74), founder of Ellwangen Abbey
  • Blessed Arnoul (774-8)
  • Betto (790-820), who helped to draw up the capitularies of Charlemagne
  • Venerable Isaac (859-80), author of a collection of canons
  • Venerable Argrin (889-909)
  • Blessed Bruno of Roucy (980-1015), who brought in the monks of Cluny to reform the abbeys of the diocese

[edit] 1000-1300

  • 1016-1031 Lambert, who ceded to Robert II of France the lordship and countship of Dijon, in 1016
  • 1031 Richard
  • 1031-1049 Hugo I de Breteuil
  • 1050-1065 Harduin
  • 1065-1085 Raynard of Bar
  • 1085-1110 Robert of Burgundy
  • 1113-1125 Joceran de Brancion
  • 1126-1136 Guillenc
  • 1136-1138 Guillaume I de Sabran
  • 1138-1163 Godefroy de la Rochetaillée
  • 1163-1179 Walter of Burgundy, Gauthier of Burgundy
  • 1179-1193 Manasses of Bar
  • 1193-1199 Garnier II de Rochefort
  • 1200-1205 Hutin de Vandeuvre
  • 1205-1210 Robert de Châtillon
  • 1210-1220 Guillaume de Joinville († 1226) (Archbishop of Reims)
  • 1220-1236 Hugues de Montréal
  • 1236-1242 Robert de Torote († 1246), Prince-Bishop of Liège in 1240, and established the feast of the Blessed Sacrament, Elect of Châlon 1226
  • 1242-1250 Hugues de Rochecorbon
  • 1250-1266 Guy de Rochefort
  • 1266-1291 Guy de Genève
  • 1294-1305 Jean de Rochefort

[edit] 1300-1500

[edit] 1500-1700

[edit] 1700-1900

  • 1724-1733 Pierre de Pardaillan de Gondrin
  • 1741-1770 Gilbert Gaspard de Montmorin de Saint-Hérem
  • 1770-1802 César-Guillaume de La Luzerne
  • 1791-1802 Hubert Wandilincourt
  • vacancy
  • 1817-1821 César-Guillaume de La Luzerne
  • Gilbert-Paul Aragonès d'Orcet (1823-1832)
  • Jacques-Marie-Adrien-Césaire Mathieu (1832-1834) (Archbishop of Besançon)
  • Pierre-Louis Parisis (1834-1851) (Bishop of Arras), celebrated for the part he took in the Assembly of 1848 in the discussions on the liberty of teaching (liberté d'enseignement) and for founding the ecclesiastical college of St. Dizier even before the Loi Falloux (see Falloux du Coudray) was definitely passed
  • Jean-Jacques-Marie-Antoine Guerrin (1851-1877)
  • Guillaume-Marie-Frédéric Bouange (1877-1884)
  • Alphonse-Martin Larue (1884-1899)
  • Sébastien Herscher (1899-1911)

[edit] From 1900

  • Marie-Augustin-Olivier de Durfort de Civbac de Lorge (1911-1918) (also Bishop of Poitiers)
  • Théophile-Marie Louvard (1919-1924) (Bishop of Coutances)
  • Jean-Baptiste Thomas (1925-1929)
  • Louis-Joseph Fillon (1929-1934) (Archbishop of Bourges)
  • Georges-Eugène-Emile Choquet (1935-1938) (Bishop of Tarbes, Bishop of Lourdes)
  • Firmin Lamy (1938-1939)
  • Louis Chiron (1939-1964)
  • Alfred-Joseph Atton (1964-1975)
  • Lucien Charles Gilbert Daloz (1975-1980) (Archbishop of Besançon)
  • Léon Aimé Taverdet, F.M.C. (1981-1999)
  • Philippe Jean Marie Joseph Gueneley (since 1999)

[edit] History

Hugh III, Duke of Burgundy, in 1179 gave the city of Langres to his uncle, Gautier of Burgundy, then bishop, making him a prince-bishop; later it was made a duchy, which gave the Duke-Bishop of Langres, as the third ecclesiastical peer, the right of secular precedence over his metropolitan, the Archbishop of Lyon, at the consecration of the kings of France.

The chief patron saint of the diocese is the martyr Saint Mammes of Caesarea (third century), to whom the cathedral, a beautiful monument of the late twelfth century, is dedicated. The diocese of Langres honors as saints a number of martyrs who, according to the St. Benignus legend, died in the persecution of Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius, the triplets Saints Speusippus, Eleusippus, and Melapsippus; St. Neo, the author of their Acts, himself a martyr, St. Leonilla, their grandmother and St. Junilla, their mother. Other saints include St. Valerius (Valier), a disciple of St. Desiderius, martyred by the Vandals in the fifth century; the hermit St. Godo (Saint Gou), nephew of St. Vandrillus, in the seventh century; St. Gengulphus, martyr in the eighth century; Venerable Gerard Voinchet (1640-95), canon regular of the Congregation of St. Geneviève in Paris, called the saint of that congregation; Venerable Jeanne Mance (1606-73); Venerable Mariet, a priest who died in 1704; Venerable Joseph Urban Hanipaux, a Jesuit, the latter three natives of the diocese and celebrated for their apostolic labors in Canada.

The diocese was also the birthplace of the theologian Nicolas de Clémenges (fourteenth-fifteenth century), who was canon and treasurer of the Church of Langres; and of the Gallican canonist Edmond Richer (1560-1631); of the Jesuit Pierre Lemoine, author of an epic poem on St. Louis and of the work "La dévotion aisée" (1602-71); of the philosopher Diderot (1713-84). The historian Raoul Glaber, monk of Cluny Abbey, who died in 1050, was at the priory of St. Léger in this diocese, when he was touched by Divine grace on the occasion of an apparition.

The Benedictine Poulangy Abbey was founded in the eleventh century. Morimond Abbey, the fourth foundation of Citeaux, was established in 1125 by Odolric, lord of Aigremont, and Simon, Count of Bassigny. The Augustinian priory of the Val des Ecoliers was founded in 1212, at Luzy, near Chaumont by four doctors of the Paris University, who were led into this awful solitude by a love of retreat.

Blessed Otho, son of Leopold of Austria, Abbot of Morimond, became Bishop of Freising in Bavaria and returned in 1154 to die a simple monk in Morimond. A religious festival, the "Scourging of the Alleluia" at Langres itself, now no longer observed, was quite celebrated in this diocese in the Middle Ages. On the day when, according to the ritual, the Alleluia was omitted from the liturgy, a top on which the word Alleluia was written was whipped out of church, to the singing of psalms by the choirboys, who wished it bon voyage till Easter.

The "Pardon of Chaumont" is very celebrated. Jean de Montmirail, a native of Chaumont and a particular friend of pope Sixtus IV, obtained from him, in 1475, that each time the feast of St. John the Baptist fell on a Sunday, the faithful, who, having confessed their sins, visited the church of Chaumont, should enjoy the jubilee indulgence. Such was the origin of the great "Pardon" of Chaumont, celebrated sixty-one times, between 1476 and 1905. At the end of the Middle Ages, this "Pardon" gave rise to certain curious festivities; on stages erected throughout the town were represented fifteen mysteries of the life of St. John the Baptist, while frolics of the devils who figured in the punishment of Herod, through the town and the country, on the Sunday preceding the "Pardon", drew multitudes to the festivities, which were finally called the "deviltries" of Chaumont. In the course of the eighteenth century the "Pardon" became a purely religious ceremony.

In the Diocese of Langres is Vassy, where in 1562 took place the riots between Catholics and Protestants that gave rise to the wars of religion (see Huguenots).

Numerous diocesan synods were held at Langres. The most important were those of 1404, 1421, 1621, 1628, 1679, 1725, 1733, 1741, 1783 and six successive annual synods held by Mgr. Parisis, from 1841 to 1846, with a view to the re-establishment of the synodal organization and also to impose on the clergy the use of the Roman Breviary (see Guéranger).

The principal pilgrimages are: Our Lady of Montrol near Arc-en-Barrois (dating from the seventeenth century); Our Lady of the Hermits at Cuves; Our Lady of Victories at Bourmont, St. Joseph, Protector of the Souls in Purgatory, at Maranville.

Suppressed by the Napoleonic Concordat of 1801, Langres was later united to the Diocese of Dijon. The bishop bore the title of Dijon and Langres, but the union was never quite complete; there was a pro-vicar-general for the Haute-Marne and two seminaries at Langres, the petit séminaire from 1809 and the grand séminaire from 1817. The See of Langres was re-established in 1817 by pope Pius VII and king Louis XVIII; Mgr. de la Luzerne, its pre-Revolution bishop, was to be re-appointed but the parliament did not ratify this agreement, and the bishops of Dijon remained administrators of the Diocese of Langres till 6 October, 1822, when the Papal Bull "Paternae charitatis" definitely re-established the see. The new Bishop of Langres governed 360 parishes of the old Diocese of Langres, 70 of the old Diocese of Châlons, 13 of the old Diocese of Besançon, 13 of the old Diocese of Troyes and 94 of the old Diocese of Toul. For the legends concerning the Apostolic origin of the See of Langres and the mission ot St. Benignus see Dijon.

In 1908 there were still thirteen congregations of nuns in the diocese. The Sisters of Providence, founded in 1802, with their mother-house at Langres, were, at the time of the enforcement of the Associations Law, remarkable for the work they were doing in the schools and hospitals.

In 1901 the religious congregations had in the diocese 33 écoles maternelles, 1 agricultural orphanage for boys, 6 orphanages for girls, 7 workshops, 1 school of house-keeping, 2 dispensaries, 16 hospitals, hospices, and homes for the aged, 2 houses of retreat, 113 houses for nursing of the sick at home.

In 1908, three years after the separation of Church and State, the Diocese of Langres had 226,545 inhabitants, 28 canonical parishes, 416 ancillary parishes, and 49 vicariates.

[edit] Source

This article incorporates text from the public-domain Catholic Encyclopedia of 1913. [1]
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