Biomining

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Dipti chawla 10:58, 10 March 2007 (UTC)

Mining is one of humankind's oldest activities, and the techniques used to extract minerals have not changed substantially for centuries. Ores are dug from the earth, crushed, and then minerals are extracted by extreme heat or toxic chemicals. The environmental and health effects of traditional mining technologies have been deleterious. In the past few years, the mining industry has been turning to a more efficient and environmentally salubrious method for extracting minerals from ores: microorganisms that leach them out. Using a bacterium such as Thiobacillus ferooxidans to leach copper from mine tailings has improved recovery rates and reduced operating costs. Moreover, it permits extraction from low grade ores - an important consideration in the face of the depletion of high grade ores. The potential applications of biotechnology to mining and processing are countless. Some examples of past projects in biotechnology include a biologically assisted in situ mining program, biodegradation methods, passive bioremediation of acid rock drainage, and bioleaching of ores and concentrates. This research often results in technology implementation for greater efficiency and productivity or novel solutions to complex problems. Additional capabilities include the bioleaching of metals from sulfide materials, phosphate ore bioprocessing, and the bioconcentration of metals from solutions. One project recently under investigation is the use of biological methods for the reduction of sulfur in coal-cleaning applications. From in situ-mining to mineral processing and treatment technology, biotechnology provides innovative and cost-effective industry solutions.