Biancabella and the Snake
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Biancabella and the Snake is an Italian literary fairy tale written by Giovanni Francesco Straparola in The Facetious Nights of Straparola.[1]
Italo Calvino included a Piedmontese variant The Snake, with some elements from a Tuscan version,[2] while noting the vast alternations between the style of Straparola's story beside the simplicity of the folktale.[3]
It is Aarne-Thompson type 706, the girl without hands. Other variants of this tale include The Girl Without Hands, Penta of the Chopped-off Hands, The Armless Maiden, and The One-Handed Girl.[4]
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[edit] Synopsis
A marquis had no children. One day, his wife slept in the garden, and a grass snake slithered into her womb. Soon after, she became pregnant and gave birth to a girl with a snake wrapped about her neck; the midwives were frightened, but the snake slithered off into the garden without harming anyone.
The girl was named Biancabella. When she was ten, the snake spoke to her in the garden, telling her that she was her sister, Samaritana; that if she obeyed her, she would be happy but miserable if she disobeyed; and that she should bring her two buckets, one of milk, one of rosewater. Biancabella was distressed, her mother asked her what made her so sad, and Biancabella asked for the buckets. Her mother gave them to her, Biancabella carried them into the garden, and the snake had Biancabella bath in them. She became even more beautiful, and when her hair was combed it shed jewels, and when her hands were washed, they shed flowers.
This attracted many suitors. Finally, her father agreed to marry her to Ferrandino, King of Naples. After the wedding, Biancabella called on Samaritana, but the snake did not come to her. Biancabella realized she must have disobeyed her and grieved, but left with her husband. Ferrandino's stepmother, who wanted to marry him to one of her ugly daughters, was enraged. Ferrandino had to go to war, and while he was gone, his stepmother ordered her servants to take Biancabella away and kill her, bringing back proof of her death. They took her off, and while they did not kill her, they gouged out her eyes and cut off her hands. The stepmother let out that her own daughters had died, and that the queen had miscarried and was ill; then she put her own daughter into Biancabella's bed. Ferrandino, returning, was greatly distressed.
Biancabella called on Samaritana, who did not come. An old man brought her to his home; his wife rebuked him, because she had doubtlessly been punished for some crime, but he insisted. Biancabella asked one of his three daughters to comb her hair; the old woman did not like her to be a servant, but the girl obeyed, and the family was greatly pleased, because she had delivered them from poverty. After a time, Biancabella had the old man bring her back to where she had been found, and there she called on Samaritana, until she finally thought of killing herself. Samaritana appeared to stop her, and Biancabella appealed for forgiveness. Samaritana restored her eyes and hands, and then herself transformed into a woman.
After a time, the sisters, the old man and women, and their daughters went to Naples, where Samaritana built them a house magically. Ferrandino saw the women, and they told them that they had exiled and came here to live. He brought the women of court, including his stepmother, to the castle, where Samaritana had a servant sing Biancabella's story, without the names. Then she asked what was a fitting punishment. The stepmother, thinking to evade notice, said she should cast into a red-hot furnace. Samaritana told the king the truth. Ferrandino had her thrown into a furnace, married off the old man's three daughters well, and lived happily with Biancabella until he died, and his son succeeded him.
[edit] The Snake
In "The Snake", the girl, a peasant, is the youngest of three, and the snake protects her after she is the first not to panic at the sight of it. The snake's gifts were that she would weep pearls and silver, laugh pomegranate seeds, and wash her hands to get fish -- the last being the gift that saved her family from hunger. Her envious sister had her locked in the attic, but she saw the prince there, and laughed, and a pomegranate tree sprang up from one seed. When only she could pick the pomegranates, the prince decided to marry her.
Her sisters attempted the same substitution as the stepmother in Straparola's tale, but at the time of the wedding; the oldest sister married him. The snake had to trick the sisters into giving back the eyes and hands, by demanding them as the price for figs and peaches when the pregnant oldest sister craved them. The oldest sister gave birth to a scorpion, the king nevertheless had a ball, and the youngest sister went and revealed all.
[edit] Commentary
The existence of a Greek tale, "The Maiden Who Laughs Roses and Weeps Pearls", indicates that there may have been a similar Italian tale that Straparola was familiar with. [5]
[edit] See also
[edit] References
- ^ Giovanni Francesco Straparola, The Facetious Nights of Straparola, "Biancabella and the Snake"
- ^ Italo Calvino, Italian Folktales p 37-40 ISBN 0-15-645489-0
- ^ Italo Calvino, Italian Folktales p 718 ISBN 0-15-645489-0
- ^ Heidi Anne Heiner, "Tales Similar to the Girl Without Hands"
- ^ Jack Zipes, The Great Fairy Tale Tradition: From Straparola and Basile to the Brothers Grimm, p 406, ISBN 0-393-97636-X
