Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate

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Beta-hydroxy beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) is a metabolite of the amino acid Leucine and is synthesized in the human body. It plays a part in protein synthesis and was discovered by Dr. Steve Nissen in scientific studies to purportedly increase muscle mass and decrease muscle breakdown. It should be noted however that Nissen held the original patent on the metabolite as a nutritional supplement. It can be found, in small quantities, in grapefruit, alfalfa, and catfish.

Research published in the Journal of Applied Physiology and other peer reviewed publications has shown that HMB may have an effect on increasing muscle weight and strength. There are, however, numerous studies published (available online through "Pubmed") that failed to find any increase in strength or performance, and these should be included in any assessment of efficacy. Three grams of HMB per day may help highly trained muscles combat protein breakdown, assist in muscle repair and support increased endurance.