Besom broom
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Besom brooms are the broom traditionally associated with witches and are traditionally made of twigs tied to a larger pole. As a result, the besom is rounded instead of flat. The bristles can be made of many materials including, but not limited to straw, herbs, or twigs. Supposedly, an upward pointed besom (bristles up), especially over or near a doorway, will help protect the house from evil spirits or negative energies.
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[edit] Wiccan tool
A besom is one of the tools used in Wicca. A traditional Wiccan besom is an ash stave handle with bristles made from birch twigs. These twigs are tied on using thin pieces of willow wood. It is used to cleanse the ritual area before circle casting.
To cleanse your ritual area, start in the centre and moving deosil (clockwise) sweep the circle from the centre to the outer edges, all the while envisioning and chanting that negativity is being swept out and the circle is being purified.
[edit] Symbolism
As a tool, the besom is usually thought of as masculine in nature due to its phallic shape and symbolism. However the besom's components are of both masculine and feminine orientation. The handle, an ash stave, is masculine in nature while the birch used for the bristles is thought of as feminine in nature.
The besom is an important part of Wiccan handfasting (marriage) ceremonies in some traditions. The couple jumps over the besom during the ceremony. Alternatively, the couple may jump over a small bonfire.
[edit] Origins
The use of the besom as a tool in witchcraft might have begun when there was much fear and hatred toward witches. A broomstick was a common household item and therefore could not be used as evidence that a person was a witch. Today, Wiccans that are still "in the broom closet" might use a similar excuse to avoid suspicion.
[edit] Bible
...I will sweep it with the besom of destruction, saith the LORD of hosts.
– Isaiah 14:23
[edit] Language origins
There is a reference to besoms in the book, "Burning Lights," by Bella Chagall (Bella Rosenfeld), with illustrations by her famous husband, Marc Chagall. She refers to besoms as a switch used in a women's bath house, perhaps in some treatment of women's backs.
'Besom' is also a common Scottish expression, a noun used to describe 'playful' little girls "dinnae pu' ya brother's hair, ya wee besom" or a woman of low moral standing, a hussy.
'Besom is also pronounced in the same way as the Dutch word 'bezem' (meaning 'broom').
[edit] Language connection between witch and besom broom
Spanish Roots: The Spanish word for 'Witch' is bruja. This is a derivative of an Arabic word as many Spanish words are.
In Spanish, maja is the Latin-based word, while bruja[1] (pronounced brusha) is the word which appeared in Saracen Spain to describe Maskhara dervishes.
Maskhara dervishes, use the Arabic word whose radical is BRSH. The maskhara ("revelers") are also called mabrush, ("marked on the skin," or possibly "intoxicated by the thorn apple.")
Arabic Origins: Arabic words center around roots and they have no vowels - the root of the Arabic equivalent of bruja is BRSH and can mean different things when different vowels are contained.
BaRSH = Datura stramonium (thorn apple), an hallucinogenic plant.
YBRUH = root of the mandrake (Syriac loanword), pronounced YaBRUUHH. Both of these contain alkaloids. Both were reputed to have been used by witches, to induce visions, sensations of flying, and in rituals.
M-BRSHa = a brush, broom, scraper (Syrian dialect), pronounced MiBRSHA.
[edit] Besom brooms and "flying"
The generally accepted theory about the origins of witches and flying with their brooms is based in a ritual involving a psychoactive drug trip. The witches would prepare a flying ointment to aid them in their journey. There are many recipes for this ointment all having a base of either Atropa belladonna or Mandragora officinarum, both highly psychoactive drugs producing visions and encouraging astral projection.[2] The ointment was rubbed all over the body using the broom with a personal account given by one witch who described the act of rubbing the ointment on her hands and feet which gave a sensation of flying. [3]
Witches mounted broomsticks and would leap around the fields, smeared with the flying ointment, to "teach" the crops how high to grow. The ointment would give them imaginary "trips" so they thought they flew distances.
[edit] External links
[edit] References
- ^ http://www.freedict.com/onldict/onldict.php
- ^ http://www.shanmonster.com/witch/flying.html
- ^ 'The Book of the Sacred Magic of Abremelin The Mage', (1458), by Abraham the Jew (British Library)
