Bernard Francis Law

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His Eminence Bernard Francis Cardinal Law (born 4 November 1931 in Torreón, Mexico) is an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He is the Archbishop emeritus of Boston, member of the Roman Curia, archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore, and Cardinal Priest of the title of S. Susanna.

He resigned as archbishop of Boston on 13 December 2002, in response to the Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal.

[edit] Early life

Law, an only child, was born in Torreón, Mexico on 4 November 1931. His father, a career Air Force officer, was stationed at the Torreón United States Air Force base, making Bernard a military brat. His mother, Helen, was a convert to Catholicism from Presbyterianism.

He attended schools in New York, Florida, Georgia, and Barranquilla (Colombia), and graduated from Charlotte Amalie High School in St. Thomas, Virgin Islands.

He graduated from Harvard University in Cambridge, Massachusetts with a major in medieval history, before entering priesthood studies at St. Joseph Seminary in St. Benedict, Louisiana, from 1953 to 1955, and the Pontifical College Josephinum in Worthington, Ohio, from 1955 to 1961.

On May 21, 1961 Law was ordained a priest and worked as a priest of Natchez-Jackson, Mississippi. He served two years as an assistant pastor, and was made the editor of the Mississippi Register, the diocesan newspaper. He also held several other diocesan posts from 1963 to 1968, including director of the family life bureau and spiritual director of the minor seminary.

[edit] Civil rights activism

Law was a civil rights activist, and took part in some of the civil rights marches of the times. He was a member of the Mississippi Leadership Conference and Mississippi Human Relations Council. For his civil rights activities and his strong editorial positions on civil rights in the Mississippi Register, he received death threats.

Law received national attention for his work for ecumenism in the Deep South in the 1960s and in 1968 he was tapped for his first national post, as executive director of the U.S. bishops' Secretariat for Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs.

[edit] Bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau

Pope Paul VI named him bishop of Springfield-Cape Girardeau on October 22, 1973 and he was ordained as a bishop on 5 December 1973. Law's predecessor in Springfield-Cape Girardeau was William Baum, another future cardinal.

In 1975, he made the news when, he arranged for the resettlement in his diocese of one hundred and sixty-six Vietnamese refugees who had arrived in the United States, and who were members of the Vietnamese religious order, the Congregation of the Mother Co-Redemptrix.

In continuing his ecumenical work, Law formed the Missouri Christian Leadership Conference. He was made a member of the Vatican's Secretariat for Promoting Christian Unity and served from 1976 to 1981 as a consultor to its Commission for Religious Relations with the Jews. In the late 1970s, Law would also chair the U.S. bishops' Committee on Ecumenical and Interreligious Affairs.

In 1981, Law was named the Vatican delegate to develop and oversee a program instituted by the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith in which U.S. Episcopalian priests would be accepted into the Catholic priesthood. In the program's first year sixty-four Episcopalian priests applied for acceptance. This brought married priests with their families into U.S. Catholic dioceses for the first time.

In this period Law was also a pro-life activist and spoke out against abortion. During the 1984 presidential race, when Geraldine Ferraro, who was a Roman Catholic, was the Democratic vice presidential candidate, Law and then Archbishop of New York John O'Connor both denounced her support of abortion rights for women. Law called abortion "the critical issue of the moment".

[edit] Archbishop of Boston

Coat of arms of Cardinal Bernard Law, with his motto "To live is Christ", in front of Santa Susanna.

Styles of Bernard Francis Law
Reference style	His Eminence
Spoken style	Your Eminence
Informal style	Cardinal
See	Boston (Emeritus)

On January 11, 1984, Cardinal Law was appointed Archbishop of Boston, prelate bishop of the Archdiocese of Boston by Pope John Paul II. He was installed as Archbishop on March 23, 1984.

Only a little over a year later on May 25, 1985, he was elevated in consistory as a member of the College of Cardinals, where he was also appointed the Cardinal-Priest of the Titulus S. Susannae.

It was his speech at the 1985 Synod of Bishops marking the 20th anniversary of the end of the Second Vatican Council, that led to development of the Catechism of the Catholic Church in which Law oversaw the first draft of the English translation.

In the mid-1980s, Law chaired the bishops' Committee on Pastoral Research and Practices at the time it distributed a major study report on Freemasonry. The bishops' report concluded that "the principles and basic rituals of Masonry embody a naturalistic religion, active participation in which is incompatible with Christian faith and practice."

In 1989 and 1990 Law visited Cuba. He met with Fidel Castro in 1990 and in January 1998 he led a delegation of two hundred and forty Bostonians to Cuba during the papal visit there. In 2000 he was part of an inter-American delegation of bishops that met with Castro for more than four hours.

During his time as Archbishop he continued to be a constant advocate of the right to life of the unborn. However, in 1995, when John C. Salvi attacked two Boston abortion clinics, he urged a moratorium on clinic protests.

[edit] Sexual abuse scandal

On Thursday, April 7, 2005, Bernard Francis Cardinal Law leads Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, president of the Philippines, into the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore in Rome to attend a Requiem Mass for the repose of the soul of the late Pope John Paul II. The Philippines has the largest Roman Catholic population in Asia. (Photo by Luca Bruno.)

Cardinal Law's reign as Archbishop of Boston began in popularity but quickly declined into turbulence towards the end of his term. Allegations of sexual misconduct by priests of the Archdiocese of Boston, and following revelations of a cover-up engineered in large part by Law, became widespread causing Roman Catholics in other dioceses of the United States to investigate similar situations.

Cardinal Law's actions prompted public scrutiny of all members of the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops and the steps they've taken in response to past and current allegations of sexual misconduct by priests. The events in the Archdiocese of Boston exploded into a national Roman Catholic Church sex abuse scandal.

Grassroots public advocacy groups like Voice of the Faithful hounded Cardinal Law after documents revealed his alleged role in covering up incidents of sexual misconduct of priests. For example, during Cardinal Law's tenure Fathers Paul Shanley and John Geoghan were moved from parish to parish within the diocese despite repeated allegations of molestation of children under the priest's care. Later, it was discovered that Father Shanley advocated the North American Man-Boy Love Association. The defense he provided was "failure to keep proper records".

The cardinal said his practice was to seek the analysis of psychiatrists, clinicians, and therapists in residential treatment centers before deciding whether a priest accused of sexually abusing a child should be returned to the pulpit^{[citation needed]}.

As a result of the widespread sex scandal, the Archdiocese of Boston lost millions of dollars in fines and settlements. This was additional financial damage to the Archdiocese already faced with the need to consolidate and close parishes due to changing attendance and giving patterns.

[edit] Resignation

In response to the scandal, over fifty priests signed a letter declaring no confidence in Cardinal Law and asking him to resign - something that had never before happened in the history of the Church in America. Law submitted his resignation to the Vatican and Pope John Paul II accepted it on December 13, 2002.

In a statement Cardinal Law said, "To all those who have suffered from my shortcomings and mistakes I both apologize and from them beg forgiveness". He remained cardinal, which is a separate appointment, and participated in the 2005 papal conclave.

After his resignation, John Paul appointed Law to several authoritative positions in Rome and the Vatican. He is currently the archpriest of the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. He is also a member of the Congregations of Oriental Churches, Clergy, Divine Worship and Discipline of the Sacraments, Evangelisation of Peoples, Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societies of Apostolic Life, Catholic Education, Bishops as well as the Pontifical Council for the Family. This is a large number of organisations for any cardinal to be involved in and is partly due to residing in Rome.

[edit] Episcopal Succession

[edit] External links

• Cardinal Bernard Law Biography
• The Boston Globe
• The Vatican's official site for him