BBCH-scale (leafy vegetables forming heads)
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The BBCH-scale (leafy vegetables forming heads) identifies the phenological development stages of leafy vegetables forming heads (cabbage = Brassica oleracea var. capitata f. alba and rubra, chinese cabbage = Brassica chinensis, lettuce = Lactuca sativa var. capitata, endive = Cichorium endivia). It is a plant species specific version of the BBCH-scale.
| Phenological growth stages and BBCH-identification keys of leaf vegetables (forming heads) |
|
|---|---|
| Code | Description |
| Principal growth stage 0: Germination | |
| 00 | Dry seed |
| 01 | Beginning of seed imbibition |
| 03 | Seed imbibition complete |
| 05 | Radicle emerged from seed |
| 07 | Hypocotyl with cotyledons breaking through seed coat |
| 09 | Emergence: cotyledons break through soil surface |
| Principal growth stage 1: Leaf development (Main shoot) | |
| 10 | Cotyledons completely unfolded; growing point or true leaf initial visible |
| 11 | First true leaf unfolded |
| 12 | 2nd true leaf unfolded |
| 13 | 3rd true leaf unfolded |
| 1 . | Stages continuous till . . . |
| 19 | 9 or more true leaves unfolded |
| Principal growth stage 4: Development of harvestable vegetative plant parts | |
| 41 | Heads begin to form: the two youngest leaves do not unfold |
| 42 | 20% of the expected head size reached |
| 43 | 30% of the expected head size reached |
| 44 | 40% of the expected head size reached |
| 45 | 50% of the expected head size reached |
| 46 | 60% of the expected head size reached |
| 47 | 70% of the expected head size reached |
| 48 | 80% of the expected head size reached |
| 49 | Typical size, form and firmness of heads reached |
| Principal growth stage 5: Inflorescence emergence | |
| 51 | Main shoot inside head begins to elongate |
| 53 | 30% of the expected height of the main shoot reached |
| 55 | First individual flowers of main inflorescence visible (still closed) |
| 57 | First individual flowers of secondary inflorescences visible (still closed) |
| 59 | First flower petals visible; flowers still closed |
| Principal growth stage 6: Flowering | |
| 60 | First flowers open (sporadically) |
| 61 | Beginning of flowering: 10% of flowers open |
| 62 | 20% of flowers open |
| 63 | 30% of flowers open |
| 64 | 40% of flowers open |
| 65 | Full flowering: 50% of flowers open |
| 67 | Flowering finishing: majority of petals fallen or dry |
| 69 | End of flowering |
| Principal growth stage 7: Development of fruit | |
| 71 | First fruits formed |
| 72 | 20% of fruits have reached typical size |
| 73 | 30% of fruits have reached typical size |
| 74 | 40% of fruits have reached typical size |
| 75 | 50% of fruits have reached typical size |
| 76 | 60% of fruits have reached typical size |
| 77 | 70% of fruits have reached typical size |
| 78 | 80% of fruits have reached typical size |
| 79 | Fruits have reached typical size |
| Principal growth stage 8: Ripening of fruit and seed | |
| 81 | Beginning of ripening: 10% of fruits ripe, or 10% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard |
| 82 | 20% of fruits ripe, or 20% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard |
| 83 | 30% of fruits ripe, or 30% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard |
| 84 | 40% of fruits ripe, or 40% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard |
| 85 | 50% of the fruits ripe, or 50% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard |
| 86 | 60% of fruits ripe, or 60% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard |
| 87 | 70% of fruits ripe, or 70% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard |
| 88 | 80% of fruits ripe, or 80% of seeds of typical colour, dry and hard |
| 89 | Fully ripe: seeds on the whole plant of typical colour and hard |
| Principal growth stage 9: Senescence | |
| 92 | Leaves and shoots beginning to discolour |
| 95 | 50% of leaves yellow or dead |
| 97 | Plants dead |
| 99 | Harvested product (seeds) |
[edit] References
Feller, C.; H. Bleiholder, L. Buhr, H. Hack, M. Hess, R. Klose, U. Meier, R. Stauss, T. van den Boom, E. Weber (1995). "Phänologische Entwicklungsstadien von Gemüsepflanzen: I. Zwiebel-, Wurzel-, Knollen- und Blattgemüse.". Nachrichtenbl. Deut. Pflanzenschutzd. 47: 193-206.
