Bayanchur Khan

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Bayanchur Khan
Monarch
Reign	Uyghur: 747 AD - 759 AD
Father	Guli Peilo

Bayanchur Khan (known also as Moyanchur Khan) was the emperor of Uyghur State from 747 to 759 AD. His official title was "Ay Tengrida Qut Bolmish, El Tutmish Bilge Qaghan" (Born with glory on Moon Heaven, state governing wise ruler). He succeeded his father- Guli Peilo (chinese transcription of title, real uyghur name is unknown, his official title was " El Etmish, Kutluk, Bilge, Kul Qaghan", i.e. State settled , glorious, wise and mighty ruler), that headed rebellion against " kokturks " and defeated them, creating in 744 year a new state.

Bayanchur Khan belonged to ruling Yaghlaqar (means " people of Sun ") tribe of on-uyghur (ten tribes federates), toquz-oghuz (nine tribes federates) Confederation. Under his ruling members of Confederation accepted new common name- "Uyghur", meaning " United " and consisting of two parts: " Uy or Uymak " ( To ally ) and " Ghur " ( Consent ), i.e. free people ("Erkin Budun") agreed to ally on highly democratic, voluntary, principles and created Union to ensure security and prosperity of present and future generations (national idea).

The uyghur flag of Bayanchur Khan portrayed a gold wolf's head- symbol of Freedom.

The background of the uyghur flag was blue with crescent on it- symbol of Moon Heaven.

The new capital was established in Uyghur Empire in 751 A.D. during Bayanchur Khan ruling - Ordu-Baliq ( " Ordu " means " Court ", " Baliq " means " City ", i.e. city of court, ruling or governing city) was built with help of invited chinese and sogdian builders near Orhon River, it had city walls made of brown bricks, surrounded all city with water canal around of strictly rectangular perimeter, and separate Citadel, also surrounded by walls with two gates and watch towers, where khaqan ( Khan ) and nobles lived with their families.

Soon (est. 758 A.D.) another city- " Bai-Baliq " ( means " Rich city " ) was built on Selenga River as result of expanding of Uyghur Empire north to Lake Baikal ( means " Rich lake " ).

Bayanchur Khan died after completion of successful expedition against " wild people " or tribes of Sayan Mountains in 759 A.D., during feast devoted to victory. 14 forts (made of baked bricks) were erected in Tuva valley with permanently stationed garrisons in the foots of Sayan Mountains near the sources of Yenisei ( means " New sources of water, river ") River during that expedition. Its main purpose was a neutralization of the emerged threat from the North- allegation proved to be fatal true in 840 A.D., when Uyghur Empire collapsed.

Bayanchur Khan was succeded in Uyghur Empire by his son- Bogu Tekin (759-779 A.D.)

[edit] References

Gumilev L.N. " Ancient Turks " , 2004, Kyzyl city, Tuva Republic , Russia

[edit] Links

• [1] Satellite view of ruins of walls of Ordubaliq city- former Uyghur capital ( Mongolia ).
• [2] Satellite view of ruins of walls of uyghur fortress on island in Tere-Kol lake- source of Yenisey River ( Tuva Republic, Russia ).
• [3] Present uyghur flag (prohibited in communist China). Contains five- point white star, pentagram , well known symbol of Power (represents all five fingers of hand- Unity, or orientations- forward, backward, left, right, above). Background is blue with crescent- symbol of Moon Heaven.
• [4] The National Museum of Mongolian History: the early Turk Empire and Uyghurs.