Battle of Ratan and Sävar
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| Battle of Sävar and Ratan | |||||||
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| Part of Finnish War | |||||||
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| Combatants | |||||||
| Sweden | Russia | ||||||
| Commanders | |||||||
| Gustaf Wachtmeister, Johan Puke | Nikolay Mikhailovich Kamensky | ||||||
| Strength | |||||||
| 6,800 troops | 5,000 troops | ||||||
| Casualties | |||||||
| Total: 1 000. Sävar: 850 (396 dead, 450 wounded). Ratan: 150 (26 dead, 2 prisoners) |
Total: 1 750. Sävar: 1 600 (600 dead, 1 000 wounded). Ratan: 150 (dead and wounded) |
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| Finnish War |
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| Pyhäjoki – Siikajoki – Revolax – Sveaborg – Pulkkila – Nykarleby – Lapua – Sandöström – Kauhajoki – Alavus – Grönvikssund – Karstula – Ruona and Salmi – Jutas – Oravais – Palva sund – Virta bro – Hörnefors – Ratan and Sävar |
The Battle of Sävar and Ratan is actually two separate battles fought with only a day apart. They are mentioned together as it was the same armies that fought both battles and the later battle can in fact be thought as an extension of the first one.
[edit] Prelude to the battle
The Russians had successfully captured the city of Umeå and driven the Swedish army commanded by Sandels south, down to Härnösand. Tsar Alexander I of Russia demanded that Sweden should cede all of Österland and large parts of Norrland. In order to achieve a better position for negotiations with Russia, the Swedish army command conceived a plan in which they would land troops north of the Russian positions in Umeå and attack the Russian army in the back while the mainland army of 3,400 men under Fabian Wrede attacked them in the front.
Chosen to lead the sea-borne task force was Lieutenant-General Gustav Wachtmeister. Battle proven in the Prussian army, in the Russo-Swedish War 1789-1790, and in the Pomeranian War just two years earlier. There was talk on giving the command to von Döbeln, but Wachtmeister was chosen.
There was no threat from the Russians possible on the waters as the combined force of the Swedish Örloggsflottan and the British Navy had the Russian fleet at bay. The task force debarked from Stockholm on August 8 and sailed north towards Ratan 45 km north from Umeå. In order to avoid being detected by the Russian army in Umeå the task force sailed east of Holmön. It arrived at Ratan August 16. The planned attack was to take place at August 19.
The Swedish task force sent was composed by:
- 2 ships of the line (Adolf Fredrik and Försiktigheten)
- 1 frigate (Jarramas)
- 44 gun sloops
- 6 galleons
- 20-40 troop transport ships
- 6,800 soldiers
[edit] Description of the battle
On August 17 the Swedish army disembarked their ships in Ratan. Later, the same day a small Russian detachment in Djäkneboda was destroyed.
The Russian commander Lieutenant-General Nikolay Mikhailovich Kamensky was marching south when he learnt about the Swedish task force; he quickly wheeled around and marched north in order to face Wachtmeister's army before Wrede's arrived.
The Swedish force under Wachtmeister was delayed at Sävar 20 km north of Umeå. The Russians attacked Wachtmeister's force in Sävar at 07:30 August 19. The Russian force took possession of high ground immediately and the Swedes counterattacked the Russians uphill. A fierce battle broke out and despite the Swedes success in the fighting Wachtmeister ordered his forces to retreat back to Ratan. The Battle of Sävar was over at 15:00. Although the Battle of Sävar turned out as a Russian victory, the Russian army was too damaged to dare face Wrede advancing from the south.
In Sävar, Sweden suffered casualties of 396 men dead and around 450 wounded, the Russians suffered around 600 men dead and around 1000 wounded.
After the Battle of Sävar, the Swedish force fell back to the village of Ratan, in which they immediately prepared for another battle. On August 20 Kamensky ordered his army to attack the Swedes in a delaying battle to secure the Russian supply wagons retreat north. This time Sweden had support from their artillery, not only the ground based, but also the cannons loaded on the Swedish fleet. Altogether, around 100 cannons were available for the Swedish army. The artillery barrage destroyed large parts of the village and its surroundings.
During the Battle of Ratan, Wachtmeister managed to defeat Kamensky, who afterwards retreated north towards Piteå. Shortly after, Swedish troops entered Umeå.
Casualties at Ratan numbered 150 Swedes (26 dead, 2 prisoners) and 150 Russians (dead and wounded).
[edit] Aftermath
The battles outcome helped Sweden achieve a better position in the peace negotiations with Russia. The Russian Tsar Alexander had demanded all of Österland, Åland, the parts of Norrland in present day Finland and parts of Norrland in present day Sweden. The Czar's demand was that the border was to be drawn at the Kalix River. The engagements in Sävar and Ratan helped move the border north to the Tornio and Muonio rivers.
Having the border further north than demanded by the Russians helped Sweden a lot; major findings of iron ore were discovered in these areas later.
