Battle of Punta Quemada

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Date	January 1525
Location	South of Cauca, Colombia
Result	Spanish victory

Combatants

Spain

Quito

Commanders

Francisco Pizarro

Unknown

Strength

300

Casualties

5 dead
16 wounded

100 dead or wounded

Conquest of Peru
Punta Quemada – Puná – Cajamarca – Cuzco – Las Salinas

The Battle of Punta Quemada, fought sometime in January 1525, was a brief but deadly encounter between a band of Spanish conquistadors and the warlike natives of Colombia, thought to be a northern tributary tribe to the Andean Kingdom of Quito. Though it marked the end of Francisco Pizarro's first tentative expedition along the Pacific coast, the battle also represented a crucial step to Spain's discovery and conquest of the Inca Empire.

For weeks before their landfall at Punta Quemada, Pizarro and his company had, both on sea and on land, steadily crawled southward along the coast of Colombia, enduring both the inhospitality of the terrain and the dangers of tropical tempests. Famine and fatigue alike had ravaged the group, leaving several dead and many on the brink of incapacitation, and only Pizarro's personal charisma and the iron constitution of the Castilians had kept the crew from collapsing into mutiny and despair.

Upon reaching Punta Quemada, Pizarro, leading his men inland along unusually agreeable terrain, had discovered and occupied a large native village, the residents of which, to all appearances, had fled in terror at the sight of the Europeans. Delighted at the luck of having established quarters in such a defensible position, and mindful that his battered vessel out on the shore would not carry him much farther, Pizarro elected to send a contingent of men under Lieutenant Montenegro back to Panama for repairs and supplies while his own troops manned the village ramparts and awaited the arrival of Diego de Almagro, whose own expeditionary force, following the path of Pizarro's, was bound to arrive shortly.

But the Quitians were proud warriors and, contrary to Spanish assessment, had abandoned their settlement only to see their women and children to safety. Armed with bows, slings, and spears, they had closely monitored the invaders and gathered unseen in the jungle in preparation for an attack.

Montenegro's column, the more vulnerable of the two Castilian parties, fell into a Quitian ambush just as it emerged from the heavy jungle foliage onto Andean foothills where arrows and other projectiles could fly unobstructed. A Quitian war cry struck the Spaniards, followed by a massive volley of arrows and stones. The Castilians began to fall back in panic and disarray as the natives bore down upon them.

Montenegro, rallying his men, ordered a return volley at the onrushing Quitians. The Spaniards shredded the native charge with a flurry of crossbow bolts, then brandished their own swords and sounded a furious countercharge, felling the unarmoured Quitians and routing them into the hills.

The Quitians orchestrated a similar assault on Pizarro's camp and stormed the village, unleashing a shower of missiles at the defenders. Prescott recounts that Pizarro, too bold and fiery of temper to be helled inside a set of walls by enemy fire, sallied out to meet the threat, rousing his men into a valiant charge that overtook the natives and began driving them clear. But Pizarro, in his gallantry, singled himself out as leader, and the enemy warriors, seizing the opportunity, hurled a barrage of missiles before falling back upon him with renewed vigor. Overtaken by the ferocity of their assault, Pizarro struggled furiously to push the natives back at sword point.

At that moment, Montenegro, who, fearing for his leader, had ordered an immediate march back to camp, appeared at the edge of the ridge and dove into the rear of the Quitian formations, shattering their resolve. Unable to resist this new threat, the natives fled into the jungle, leaving Pizarro wounded in no less than seven places.

The conquistadors realized that the village, littered with the bodies of the slain, was far less defensible than they had previously assumed. Fearing subsequent hostile encounters and unable to continue south by sea, Pizarro chose to end his expedition at Punta Quemada.