Battle of Palo Duro Canyon

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Battle of Palo Duro Canyon
Part of the Indian Wars
Palo Duro Canyon
Date September 28, 1874 Location Texas Panhandle Result U.S. victory
Combatants
United States	Cheyenne Comanche Kiowa
Commanders
Ranald S. Mackenzie	Iron Shirt (person) Poor Buffalo Lone Wolf
Strength
4th U.S. Cavalry	unknown
Casualties
1 killed	3 killed; unknown wounded and captured

Comanche Campaign
Beecher Island – Washita River – Summit Springs – Palo Duro Canyon

The Battle of Palo Duro Canyon was a significant U.S. victory that brought about the end of the Red River War.

Contents 1 Background 2 The battle 3 Results 4 References

[edit] Background

Ever since the summer of 1874 the Comanches, Cheyenne and Kiowas had sought refuge in Palo Duro Canyon in the Texas panhandle. There they had been stockpiling food and supplies for the winter. Colonel Ranald S. Mackenzie, leading the 4th U.S. Cavalry, moved up from the south intending to trap the whole force in their Palo Duro Canyon holdout. Fighting several skirmishes with Comanche warriors along the way Mackenzie reached Palo Duro in late September.

[edit] The battle

Early in the morning of September 28, one of Mackenzie's scouts found the Indian camp and notified the colonel. Mackenzie brought the whole regiment to the edge of the canyon and planned a surprise attack. Comanche Chief Red Warbonnet discovered the U.S. soldiers and fired off a warning shot, but was quickly killed. Mackenzie's troopers were unable to find a suitable path down so instead plunged straight down the steep canyon cliffs. Mackenzie first hit Chief Lone Wolf's Kiowa camp and routed it. Poor Buffalo and Iron Shirt managed to effect some resistance but since the camps were so spread out over the canyon floor a unified resistance was impossible. Many of the Indians fled leaving behind their possessions and headed for the open plains. Few warriors remained sniping at the soldiers but by nightfall the canyon belonged to Mackenzie and the villages were destroyed.

[edit] Results

The loss of the Palo Duro camp meant a loss of all the Indian's safe haven and all their winter supplies. Some horses fled with the Indians onto the plains but Mackenzie was able to capture 1,400 ponies. Casualties were light in the engagement since it had been a complete rout, but without their mounts, and winter supplies the tribes could not hold out over the winter and many returned to the Fort Sill reservation by November 1874. Lone Wolf's Kiowa's did not return until February 1875.

[edit] References

• Dillon, Richar H. (1983). North American Indian Wars.
• Handbook of Texas
• Named Campaigns — Indian Wars. United States Army Center for Military History. Retrieved on December 13, 2005.
• Red River War-Battles