Battle of Chilcheollyang
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| Battle of Chilchonryang | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Imjin War | |||||||
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| Combatants | |||||||
| Fleet of Toyotomi Hideyoshi | Korean navy | ||||||
| Commanders | |||||||
| Todo Takatora Katō Yoshiaki Wakisaka Yasuharu Konishi Yukinaga Shimazu Tadayuta |
Won Gyun† Choe Ho† Yi Eok-gi† Bae Seol |
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| Strength | |||||||
| 500-1000 total ships | 169 total ships | ||||||
| Casualties | |||||||
| minimal | 157 ships lost | ||||||
| Japanese Left Army (1597) |
|---|
| Chilcheollyang - Namwon - Kumgu - Myeongnyang - Kwangyang - Moojoo - Hamyang - Suncheon I - Sacheon (1598) - Suncheon II - Noryang |
The naval Battle of Chilcheollyang took place before dawn on August 28, 1597 during the Imjin War in Chilcheollyang, which is a narrow strait near Geoje island. It took place during the second invasion of the Japanese. It is interesting to note that it was the only naval battle Japan won in the entire war.
[edit] Prelude
A Japanese double agent was dispatched by the Japanese commanders to bring false information to Admiral Yi and move him into a trap where he could be killed. For a time, the double agent brought what appeared to be important information to the Koreans.
At one point, the agent brought reports of Katō Kiyomasa planning to invade Korea to Gim Eung-seo, a commander of Gyeongsang province. The agent brought the exact place and time of where the Japanese fleet would come. The agent insisted that Admiral Yi go out and intercept the Japanese fleet and destroy it. Gim sent the message to General Gwon Yul, who sent it to Seoul in March 1597. King Seonjo ordered Admiral Yi to attack but Admiral Yi refused, reportedly not trusting a lone letter delivered by an agent and feeling he was unable to prepare for battle in time. Admiral Yi may also have believed that there was a trap at Chilchonryang; the hazardous area containing sharp rocks.
For his refusal, King Seonjo ordered Admiral Yi to be court martialed and stand for trial in Seoul. In addition, Won Gyun accused Admiral Yi of drinking and idling. He was spared the death sentence due to his combat record and prime minister Yu Seong-ryong's support. The decision to remove him may have significantly affected further historical events.
[edit] Chilcheollyang
Won Gyun replaced Admiral Yi as the naval commander of the entire Korean fleet. Won Gyun decided to attack a large Japanese flotilla of which Won Gyun did not know the size, strength, or location.
He decided to look for the enemy navy with the entire Korean fleet that Admiral Yi had carefully built and strengthened. Won Gyun left Hansando on August 27, 1597, and soon met a very large enemy fleet near Pusan. Won Gyun was shocked to see the Japanese navy of a size of at least 500 to 1000 ships. Even though his troops were tired, Won Gyun ordered the attack. At the moment of the attack, a commander named Bae Seol quickly ran away with 12 ships under his command knowing the results of the battle ahead. Of note, it was these 12 ships that Admiral Yi would use to defeat the Japanese at Myeongnyang Straits upon his reinstatement. (Commander Bae Seol deserted with his single ship before that battle as well.) The Koreans advanced quickly with barely any strategy when the Japanese returned fire with arquebuses. The Japanese destroyed at least 30 Korean ships by rowing close to the Korean ships and jumping aboard and engaging in melee combat. The Koreans had no chance to fire with cannons.
Won Gyun retreated back to nearby Gadeok island suffering even more damage to his ships. Apparently, Gadeok island was under Japanese control and when Won Gyun landed with his troops in search of food and supplies, the Japanese commander Chikushi Hirokado of the fort and the island attacked the Koreans and killed 400 Korean marines. Won Gyun quickly retreated and left Gadeok Island.
The Japanese were surprised at this terrible performance of the Korean navy and set out at once to attack the Koreans at night. It was a disaster for the Koreans and the Japanese used their traditional grapple and board attack to overwhelm the Koreans. Admiral Yi had always kept hold of the upper hand by blasting the Japanese from a distance but Won Gyun had allowed the Japanese to attack the Koreans with swords and spears. After a surprise attack, a miserable 200 Panokseons and other Korean ships sank to the bottom of the ocean. Won Gyun was shocked at this attack and retreated quickly again while the Koreans were struggling.
Won Gyun and Yi Eok-gi, another general, struggled ashore at a nearby island with a few survivors. Again, there was another fort with a garrison of Japanese soldiers who rushed outside and killed every single Korean, including Won Gyun and Yi Eok-gi.
When Bae Seol reached Yeosu, Admiral Yi's headquarters, he burned everything there, in fear of a Japanese capture. The destruction of the Korean navy was now complete.
[edit] Aftermath
The Battle of Chilcheollyang resulted in the destruction of the Korean navy and a huge loss of life. When King Seonjo heard of the battle, he quickly pardoned Admiral Yi (who had spent some time as a common foot soldier under General Gwon Yul), and put him back as the commander of the now small and weak Korean fleet. With only 200 men, and the 13 ships that Bae Seol had fled with, Admiral Yi now had to fight the Japanese with overwhelming odds against him.
Although he had a disadvantage, Admiral Yi would emerge as a hero and victor at the Battle of Myeongnyang when he destroyed a Japanese fleet of 330 ships with only 12 ships (minus the ship captained by the once again fleeing Bae Seol).
