Basophil granulocyte
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Basophils are the least common of the granulocytes, representing about 0.0% to 0.3% of circulating leukocytes (white blood cells). They contain large cytoplasmic granules which obscure the cell nucleus under the microscope. However, when unstained, the nucleus is visible and it usually has 2 lobes. The mast cell, a cell in tissues, has many similar characteristics. For example, both cell types store histamine, a chemical that is secreted by the cells when stimulated in certain ways (histamine causes some of the symptoms of an allergic reaction). Like all circulating granulocytes, basophils can be recruited out of the blood into a tissue when needed.
[edit] Secretions
When activated, basophils secrete histamine, several proteoglycans, lipid mediators like leukotrienes, and several cytokines. Histamine and proteoglycans are pre-stored in the cell's granules while the other secreted substances are newly generated. Each of these substances contributes to inflammation. Recent evidence suggests that basophils are an important source of the cytokine, interleukin-4, perhaps more important than T cells. Interleukin-4 is considered one of the critical cytokines in the development of allergies and the production of IgE antibody by the immune system. There are other substances that can activate basophils to secrete which suggests that these cells have other roles in inflammation.
A low Basophil count with a low neutrophil count is almost always indicative of future leukemia. Prompt medical attention is recommended.
[edit] Additional images
 Blood cell lineage |
 Alternate stain of a basophil |
Adaptive immune system - Innate immune system - Humoral immune system - Cellular immune system
Lymphatic system - Inflammation - Complement system (Classical, Alternative, Lectin) - Cytokines - White blood cells - Antibody - Antigen - APC - MHC
Immunity - Autoimmunity - Tolerance (Central) - Immunodeficiency
