Basic functional groups
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The functional groups listed below are the basic functional groups covered by most General Biology courses.
| Chemical class | Group | Formula | Graphical Formula | Prefix | Suffix | Example |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Alcohol | Hydroxyl | ROH |  |
hydroxy- | -ol |  Methanol |
| Carbonyl | Aldehyde | RCHO |  |
oxo- | -al |  Acetaldehyde |
| Ketone | RCOR' |  |
keto-, oxo- | -one | Acetone |
|
| Carboxyl | Carboxylic acid | RCOOH |  |
carboxy- | -oic acid | Acetic acid |
| Carboxylate | RCOO− | 
|
carboxy- | -oate | ||
| Amines | Primary amine | RNH2 |  |
amino- | -amine |  Methylamine |
| Phosphate | Phosphate | ROP(=O)(OH)2 |  |
phospho- | Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate | |
| Thiol | Sulfhydryl | RSH |  |
mercapto-, sulfanyl- | -thiol | Ethanethiol |
 |
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