Bald-faced hornet
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| Dolichovespula maculata Linnaeus |
The Dolichovespula maculata (common names White-faced hornet or Bald-faced yellowjacket) is not a true hornet at all. It is actually more closely related to another type of wasp called the yellowjacket than it is to true hornets like the Asian giant hornet or European hornet, but the term "hornet" is often used colloquially to refer to any vespine with an exposed aerial nest. To be more precise, it is an aerial-nesting yellowjacket similar to the Dolichovespula arenaria.
The Baldfaced hornet lives throughout North America, including southern Canada, the Rocky Mountains, the western coast of the United States, and most of the eastern US. They are most common in the southeastern United States. They are best known for their large gray football-shaped paper nest, which they build in the spring for raising their young. Like the Median wasp Dolichovespula media in Europe, Bald-faced hornets are extremely protective of their nests and will sting repeatedly if disturbed.
Every year young queens that were born and fertilized the previous year start a new colony and raise their young. The workers expand the nest by chewing up wood that mixes with a starch in their saliva, which they spread with their mandibles and legs to dry into paper. The workers also guard the nest and collect nectar and arthropods to feed the larvae. This continues through summer and into fall. As winter approaches, the wasps die, except for young fertilized queens which hibernate underground or in hollow trees. The nest is generally abandoned by winter, and will most likely not be reused. When spring arrives the young queens emerge, and the cycle begins again.
Bald-faced hornets visit flowers, especially in late summer, and can be minor pollinators.
Like other social wasps, Bald-faced Hornets have a caste system made up of the following:
- Queens — Fertile females which begin the colonies and lay eggs
- Workers — Infertile females which have stingers and do the manual labor
- Drones — Fertile males which have no stingers, fertilize the eggs, yet are born from unfertilized eggs.
Bald-faced Hornets also go through a metamorphosis that consists of 4 stages:
- Egg
- Larva
- Pupa
- Imago or Adult
[edit] Photos
[edit] Appearance
The baldface hornet has a handsome, unique white and black design which is different from the usual yellow and black colors the majority of wasps have. It is larger than most wasps.
