Balaramapuram

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Balaramapuram is a small village in Thiruvananthapuram district of Kerala, South India. This village is famous for saree making. The Balaramapuram sarees are exclusively made in the small village of Balaramapuram in the outskrits of Thiruvananthapuram (Trivandrum) city.^[1] A Balarampuram saree is well known for its simplicity and worn as a traditional costume by the women of Kerala. It is woven from un-dyed natural cotton, that compliments the tropical climate of Kerala. It is usually a cream stretch of cloth with "Kasavu" (exquisite embroidery work created from silver wires coated with gold) borders.^[2]

1 Location
2 History
3 Shaliyar community structure
4 Urban environment
5 Weaving
6 Present conditions
7 See also
8 References
9 External links

[edit] Location

Balaramapuram is located along NH-47 at a distance of 15 km South east of Thiruvananthapuram(Trivandrum) city in Kerala, India and 25 km North of Kaliyikkavila, the Southern boundary of the state. Balaramapuram lies 77 degree 5 minutes east longitude and 8 degree 23 minutes North latitude.

Balaramapuram is the core place for the unique production of traditional varieties of handloom textiles meant for the contemporary cloth wearing style of Kerala. Its unique craftsmanship makes it an ideal heirloom.

Balaramapuram is considered as the second market hub of Thiruvananthapuram, the first being Chalai Market in Trivandrum city.

[edit] History

It was during the regime of His Highness Maharaja Balaramavarma, which dates back from 1798 to 1810, that the hand loom weaving was first introduced at Balaramapuram. The Maharaja and his Delava (Chief Minister), Ummini Thampi jointly decided to convert Balaramapuram and its surrounding places into an agro-based industrial belt with various traditional industries by the development of paddy and coconut cultivation, fishing, weaving, and oil extraction. Separate streets with a clustered at identified places, providing a comparatively better infrastructure for development.

The Delava of Maharaja brought seven weaver families (Shaliars) from Tamilnadu to produce fabrics for the members of the royal family and made them settle at Balaramapuram in a separate location now called "Shaliar Street". Market places were opened at convenient locations to make the marketing of products easier. The present residents of the street are the descendents of these seven families.

[edit] Shaliyar community structure

The people of the Shaliyar community speak Tamil and marry only from their own community. The community settlement has four main streets on which the weavers are settled in row houses. The four streets are Single Street, Double Street, Vinayagar Street, and the New Street.

The temple of Agasthiar is placed axially along the main streets. The main deities are Lord Siva and Goddess Parvathi. Lord Vinayaka, Muruga, Navagrahas, Naga and Krishna are also worshipped here.

The Double Street has two temples – The Muttaramman Temple and the Vinayagar Temple. There is a Ganapathi temple in the Thoppu Street. For males above 18, membership in the temple committee is compulsory. The temple and the related functions form the social hub of all the activities related with the community development.

[edit] Urban environment

The Shaliyar community settlement spreads over an area of about 13 acres towards the South of NH-47. Main entrance is from NH-47 to the 9 m wide Single Street. The entry is not well defined. The Single Street with two story buildings on either side act as an axis with the Agasthiar temple being the focal point. The Single street, Double street and the New street are the main streets The Agasthiar temple is placed at the point of intersection of the these streets. The streets form a major interaction space as the row houses abut the streets with no front yard.

The houses of the Shaliyar weavers reflect their culture, occupation, and religious beliefs. They have rectangular layouts with houses sharing common walls. All the houses have production units attached to them. The houses of the weathier families have showrooms. The special kind of architectural detailing of the facades, internal courtyards, and the arrangement of rooms to suit the occupation of weaving, make the houses unique in nature.

There is very little open space or car parking facilities within the settlement. The streets are dotted with community wells. Lack of infrastructure like levelled roads, public water supply, street drains and sewerage are some problems faced by the community. In most places the streets are not levelled and are not accessible for vehicles.^[3]

[edit] Weaving

The weavers use a primitive type of throw-shuttle pit looms for the production of exclusively cotton fabrics with pure zeri. They do not use any type of improved appliances such as Dobby, Jacquard, Jala, etc. for the production of designs for cloth with extra warp and extra weft. Identical appearance of designs, including warp and weft stripes on the face and backside of the fabric is obtained by this technique of weaving.^[4]

No change has so far been taken place in the type of loom or technology of weaving in producing such varieties. The variety known as "Pudava and Kavani" (veshti and upper cloth with pure zeri) still remains as a prestigious bridal gift in marriages. The designs with zeri or coloured yarn, using the age-old technique still has unparallel appeal which can attract even the most sophisticated customers.^[5]

Five percent of the houses run agencies for hand loom items. These houses act as collecting points of hand loom clothes produced in the colony. Nine percent of houses have do not have any home based activity. Twenty-seven percent of houses use traditional means of production, whereas 59% are based on new methods.

[edit] Present conditions

Presently, a major portion of the hand loom clothes produced in this area is being sold to the Handloom Development Corporation and Hantex. Due to the emergence of power looms in the weaving industry and drop in the prices of related items, the inhabitants of the colony have found it difficult to persevere in the same field of activity as a result of which, the younger generations are pursuing higher education and alternate employment to make ends meet.

Another reason for this sea of change in the aptitude of the inhabitants is the low price per unit put into making these hand loom items; the overheads being much too higher for houses having lesser looms that the ones, mass producing these items with the help of separate work place close to the residence. All such varieties, which were reserved for exclusive production in the hand loom sector, are now extensively and widely produced in power looms making the hand loom products not competitive in the market.

Until 1990, the varieties of Balaramapuram had excellent market potential and the weavers there were getting reasonable income and could maintain a better standard of living. Nearly 5,100 looms were engaged in the production of such fabrics. No attempt was made to exploit the skill of such weavers, who are master craftsmen in their trade, to produce any other variety for expanding market demand.^[6]

However, recently this seems to be changing and the demand for hand loomed products is high.^[7]