Bago, Myanmar

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**Bago**
Demographics
Bago
Burmese:	ပဲခူးမ္ရုိ့
- IPA	[bəgó mjoṵ]
- MLCTS	pai: hku: mrui.
Admin. division:	Bago Division
Area:	km²
Population:	220,000
Coordinates:	17°19'35.89"N, 96°29'53.05"E
Mayor:
Ethnicities:	Bamar, Burmese Chinese, Burmese Indians, Kayin
Religions:	Buddhism, Islam

The 54-m Shwethalyaung Buddha, constructed in 994 A.D. by King Migadepa

Bago, formerly Pegu, is a city and the capital of Bago Division in Myanmar. It is located 80 km (50 mi) from Yangon. It has a population of 220,000.

1 Hanthawaddy
2 History
3 Places of interest
4 References

[edit] Hanthawaddy

Hanthawaddy (or Hanthawady; in Thai หงสาวดี Hongsawadi) is a place in Myanmar.

As of 1911, Hanthawaddy was a district in the Bago (or Pegu) division of Lower Burma. It lies in the home district of Rangoon, from which the town was detached to make a separate district in 1880. It had an area of 3,023 square miles, with a population of 484,11 in 1901, showing an increase of 22% in the past decade. Hanthawaddy and Henzada were the two most densely populated districts in the province.

Hanthawaddy, as it was constituted in 1911, consists of a vast plain stretching up from the sea between the To (or China Bakir) mouth of the Ayeyarwady River and the Pegu Yomas. Except the tract of land lying between the Pegu Yomas on the east and the Hlaing river, the country is intersected by numerous tidal creeks; many of which are navigable by large boats and some by steamers. The headquarters of the district was in Rangoon, which was also the sub-divisional headquarters. The second sub-division had its headquarters at Insein, where there were large railway works. Cultivation was almost wholly confined to rice, but there were many vegetable and fruit gardens.

Today, Hanthawaddy may be considered a district of the city of Bago.

[edit] History

This article is part of the History of Myanmar series

Early history of Burma
Pyu City-states (100 BC-840 AD)
Mon Kingdoms (9th-11th, 13th-16th, 18th c.)
Pagan Kingdom (849-1287) first Burmese empire
Ava (c. 1364-1555)
Pegu (to 1752)
Toungoo Dynasty (1486-1752) second Burmese empire
Konbaung Dynasty (1753-1885) third Burmese empire
War with Britain (1824-1852)
British Arakan (after 1824)
British Tenasserim (1824-1852)
British Lower Burma (1852-1886)
British Upper Burma (1885-1886)
British rule in Burma (1886-1948)
Nationalist Movement in Burma (after 1886)
Aung San
Japanese occupation of Burma (1942-1945)
Post-Independence Burma, 1947-1962 (1947-1962)
Military era (1962-1989)
8888 Uprising (1988)
Military era II (1989-present)
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According to legend, two Mon princess from Thaton founded Bago in 573 AD. It was written in the chronicles that eight years after enlightenment, Lord Buddha along with his disciples went air-borne around Southeast Asian countries. On his return journey while crossing the Gulf of Martaban, which happened to be at low tide, he saw two golden shell-drakes sitting, female on top of male, on a peak of land protruding out of sea just enough for abird's perch. On thestrange phenomena he predicted to his disciples that one day a country where his doctrine would thrive would come into existence in this vast sea area. Mons were the first and forever rulers of this country known in history as Hongsawatoi (Pali Hamsavati) approximately 1500 years after the prediction. That part of the se when it was silted up and ready for habitation was colonized by Mons from Thaton Kingdom.

The earliest mention of this city in history is by the Arab geographer Ibn Khudadhbin around 850 AD. At the time, the Mon capital had shifted to Thaton. The area came under rule of the Burmese from Bagan in 1056. After the collapse of Bagan to the Mongols in 1287, the Mon regained their independence.

In Lower Burma, a Mon dynasty established itself first at Martaban and then at Pegu. During the reign of king Rajadhirat (1383–1421) Ava and Pegu were involved in continuous warfare. The peaceful reign of Queen Baña Thau (Burmese: Shin Saw Bu; 1453-72) came to an end when she chose the Buddhist monk Dhammazedi (1472-92) to succeed her. Under Dhammazedi Pegu became a centre of commerce and Theravada Buddhism.

From 1369-1539, Hanthawaddy was the capital of the Mon Kingdom of Ramanadesa, which covered all of what is now lower Myanmar. The area came under Burman control again in 1539, when it was annexed by King Tabinshweti to his Kingdom of Taungoo. The kings of Taungoo made Bago their royal capital from 1539-1599 and again in 1613-1634, and used it as a base for repeated invasions of Siam. As a major seaport, the city was frequently visited by Europeans, who commented on its magnificence.　The Burmese capital relocated to Ava in 1634. In 1740, the Mon revolted and briefly regained their independence, but Burmese King Alaungpaya sacked and completely destroyed the city (along with Mon independence) in 1757.

Bago was rebuilt by King Bodawpaya (1782-1819), but by then the river had shifted course, cutting the city off from the sea. It never regained its previous importance. After the Second Anglo-Burmese War, the British annexed Bago in 1852. In 1862, the province of British Burma was formed, and the capital moved to Yangon. The name Bago is spelt peh kou literally. The substantial differences between the colloquial and literary pronunciations, as in with Burmese words, was a reason of the British corruption "Pegu".