B-58 Hustler

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Convair B-58 Hustler
Type Strategic bomber
Manufacturer Convair
Maiden flight 1956-11-11
Retired 1970-01-31
Primary user United States Air Force
Number built 116
Unit cost US$12.44 million[1]

The Convair B-58 Hustler was a high-speed jet bomber capable of Mach 2 supersonic flight. The aircraft was developed for the Strategic Air Command of the United States Air Force during the late 1950s and was in service from 1960 to 1969.

It received a great deal of notoriety due to its sonic boom, which was often heard by the public as it passed overhead in supersonic flight.

Contents

[edit] Design

The B-58 had a delta wing with a leading-edge sweep of 60°. With four General Electric J79-GE-1 turbojet engines, it was capable of flying at twice the speed of sound. Although its large wing made for relatively low wing loading, it proved to be surprisingly well suited for low-altitude, high-speed flight. It seated three (pilot, bombardier/navigator, and defensive systems operator) in separated tandem cockpits, equipped with a novel ejection capsule that made it possible to eject at an altitude of 21,000 m (70,000 ft) at speeds up to Mach 2 (2,450 km / 1,320 mph), something impossible with standard ejection seats of the period.

The B-58 typically carried a single nuclear weapon in a streamlined MB-1C pod under the fuselage. From 1961 to 1963 it was retrofitted with two tandem stub pylons under each wing, inboard of the engine pod, for B43 or B61 nuclear weapons for a total of 5 nuclear weapons per airplane. A single M61 Vulcan cannon was mounted in a radar-directed tail turret for defense. Although the USAF explored the possibility of using the B-58 for the conventional strike role, it was never equipped for carrying or dropping conventional bombs in service. A photo-reconnaissance pod, the LA-331, was also fielded. Several other specialized pods for ECM or an early cruise missile were considered, but not adopted.

[edit] Operational history

The B-58 crews were elite, hand-picked from other strategic bomber squadrons. Due to some unique aspects of flying a delta-winged aircraft, the pilots used the F-102 Delta Dagger in their transition to the Hustler. The aircraft was difficult to fly and its three-man crews were constantly busy but the performance of the aircraft was exceptional. A lightly loaded Hustler would climb at nearly 46,000 ft/min (235 m/s), comparable to the best contemporary fighters, and it could cruise with a payload at 85,000 ft (26,000 m) (Higham 1975). Nevertheless, it had a much smaller weapons load and more limited range than the B-52 Stratofortress. It had been extremely expensive to acquire (in 1959 it was reported that each of the production B-58As was worth more than its weight in gold). It was a complex aircraft that required considerable maintenance, much of which required specialized equipment, which made it three times as expensive to operate as the B-52. Also against it was an unfavorably high accident rate: 26 aircraft were lost in accidents, 22.4% of total production. SAC had been dubious about the type from the beginning, although its crews eventually became enthusiastic about the aircraft (its performance and design were appreciated, although it was never easy to fly).

This was the original XB-58. Accumulating 150 flights, it was the first B-58 to reach both Mach 1 and Mach 2. This particular craft was used for ALBM testing before being scrapped.
This was the original XB-58. Accumulating 150 flights, it was the first B-58 to reach both Mach 1 and Mach 2. This particular craft was used for ALBM testing before being scrapped.

By the time the early problems had largely been resolved and SAC interest in the bomber had solidified, Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara decided that the B-58 was not going to be a viable weapon system. Its early retirement, slated for 1970, was ordered in 1965, and despite efforts of the Air Force to earn a reprieve, proceeded on schedule. The last B-58s in operational service retired January 16, 1970, largely replaced by the FB-111A 'Aardvark'. A total of 116 B-58s were produced: 30 trial aircraft and 86 production B-58A models. Most of the trial aircraft were later brought up to operational standard. Eight were equipped as TB-58A training aircraft.

A number of B-58s were used for special trials of various kinds, including one (#665 called "Snoopy") used for testing the radar system intended for the Lockheed YF-12 interceptor. Several improved (and usually enlarged) variants, dubbed B-58B and B-58C by the manufacturer, were proposed, but never built.

[edit] Popular culture

  • In the 1964 film Fail-Safe, stock footage of B-58s was used to represent "Vindicator" bombers which attacked Moscow.
  • Singer John Denver's father, Henry J. Deutschendorf Sr, was a noted B-58 pilot. [2]

[edit] Variants

  • XB-58: Prototype. Two built.
  • YB-58A: Pre-production aircraft. 11 built.
  • B-58A: Three-seat medium-range strategic bomber aircraft.
  • TB-58A: Training aircraft.
  • NB-58A: This designation was given to a YB-58A, which was used for testing the J93 engine. The engine was originally intended for the XB-70 Valkyrie Mach 3 bomber.
  • B-58B: Unbuilt version. SAC planned to order 185 of these improved bombers cancled budgetary considerations
  • B-58C: Unbuilt version. Enlarged version with more Fuel and 32,500 lb of thrust J58, the same engine used on the Lockheed SR-71. Design studies were conducted with two and four engine designs, the C model had an estimated top speed approaching Mach 3, a supersonic cruise capability of approximately Mach 2, and a service ceiling of about 70,000 feet along with the capable of carrying conventional bombs. Convair estimated maximum range at 5,200 nautical miles. The B-58C was proposed as a lower cost alternative to the North American XB-70. As enemy defenses against high-speed, high-altitude penetration bombers improved, the value of the B-58C diminished and the program was canceled in early 1961. [3]

[edit] Survivors

Today there are eight B-58 Survivors

[edit] Specifications (B-58A)

Orthographically projected diagram of the B-58 Hustler.

Data from Quest for Performance[6]

General characteristics

Performance

Armament

[edit] References

  1. ^ Knaack, Marcelle Size (1988). Post-World War II bombers, 1945-1973. Office of Air Force History. ISBN 0-16-002260-6. 
  2. ^ http://public.pope.amc.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123037534
  3. ^ [1]
  4. ^ [2]
  5. ^ National Museum of the USAF Fact Sheet
  6. ^ Loftin, LK, Jr.. Quest for performance: The evolution of modern aircraft. NASA SP-468. Retrieved on April 22, 2006.
  • Donald, D.; Lake, J. (eds.) (1996). Encyclopedia of world military aircraft.. AIRtime Publishing.. ISBN 1-880588-24-2. 
  • Higham, Robin; Abigail Siddall, Carol Williams (eds.) (1975). Flying combat aircraft of USAAF-USAF (vol.1). Iowa State University Press. ISBN 0-8138-0325-X. 
  • Swanborough, G. (1989). United States Military Aircraft Since 1909. Smithsonian. ISBN 0-87474-880-1. 
  • Wagner, Ray (2004). American Combat Planes of the Twentieth Century. Jack Bacon and Co.. ISBN 0-930083-17-2. 

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