Avianca Flight 011

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**Avianca Flight 011**
Summary
Date	November 27, 1983
Type	Controlled flight into terrain
Site	near Madrid, Spain
Fatalities	181
Injuries	8
Aircraft
Aircraft type	Boeing 747-283B
Operator	Avianca
Tail number	HK-2910
Passengers	169
Crew	23
Survivors	11

Avianca Airlines Flight 011, registration HK-2910, was a Boeing 747-283B on an international scheduled passenger flight from Paris to Bogotá with an intermediate stop in Madrid.

On November 27, 1983, Flight 011 was attempting to land at Madrid Barajas International Airport. The crew captured the ILS, as is the standard procedure. However, they caught it on the wrong track and descended below the Minimum Descent Altitude (MDA). This caused the pilot to begin a right turn that was short of the point where the turn was supposed to be made.

Flight 011 struck a series of hills, causing the plane's right wing to break off. The 747 then cartwheeled, shattering into five pieces before coming to rest upside-down. Only 11 passengers survived among the 169 passengers and 23 crew that were on board. There were no survivors among the crew. Among the dead were Peruvian poet Manuel Scorza, Mexican novelist Jorge Ibargüengoitia, and Uruguayan literary critic Ángel Rama.