Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics - Men's decathlon

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Athletics at the
1912 Summer Olympics
100 m   men
200 m men
400 m men
800 m men
1500 m men
5000 m men
10000 m men
110 m hurdles men
4x100 m relay men
4x400 m relay men
3000 m team race men
Marathon men
10 km walk men
Long jump men
Triple jump men
High jump men
Pole vault men
Standing long jump men
Standing high jump men
Shot put men
Discus throw men
Hammer throw men
Javelin throw men
2-hand shot put men
2-hand discus men
2-hand javelin men
Pentathlon men
Decathlon men
Individual x-country men
Team x-country men

The men's decathlon was a track and field athletics event held as part of the Athletics at the 1912 Summer Olympics programme. It was the second time the event, which debuted at the 1904 Summer Olympics, was held.

Contents

[edit] Medalists

Gold Gold Silver Silver Bronze Bronze
Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE)
United States Jim Thorpe (USA)		 Sweden Charles Lomberg
Sweden (SWE)		 Sweden Gösta Holmér
Sweden (SWE)

[edit] Results

Thorpe's gold medal was stripped by the International Olympic Committee in 1913, after the IOC learned that Thorpe had played professional baseball, violating Olympic amateurism rules, before the 1912 Games. This moved everyone else up in the rankings. In 1982, the IOC was convinced that the disqualification had been improper, as no protest against Thorpe's eligibility had been brought within the required 30 days and reinstated Thorpe's medals. Wieslander, Lomberg, and Holmer, however, were declared to still be gold, silver, and bronze medalists, respectively. This made Thorpe and Wieslander co-champions.

[edit] 100 metres

Event 1
Place Athlete Time Score
1 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 11.0 952.4
United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 11.0 952.4
3 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 11.2 904.8
United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 11.2 904.8
5 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 11.3 881.0
Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 11.3 881.0
7 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 11.4 857.2
8 Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 11.5 833.4
Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 11.5 833.4
10 France Georges André (FRA) 11.6 809.6
United States Harold Babcock (USA) 11.6 809.6
12 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 11.7 785.8
13 United States James Donahue (USA) 11.8 762.0
Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 11.8 762.0
Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 11.8 762.0
16 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 12.0 714.4
Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 12.0 714.4
18 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 12.1 690.6
Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 12.1 690.6
20 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 12.2 666.8
United States Avery Brundage (USA) 12.2 666.8
22 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 12.3 643.0
Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 12.3 643.0
Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 12.3 643.0
Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 12.3 643.0
26 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 12.4 619.2
United States George Philbrook (USA) 12.4 619.2
28 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 12.5 595.4
29 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 13.3 405.0

[edit] Long jump

Event 2
Place Athlete Distance Score
1 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 6.87 850.55
2 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 6.84 843.20
3 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 6.79 830.95
4 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 6.69 806.45
5 United States James Donahue (USA) 6.48 755.00
6 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 6.46 750.10
7 Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 6.43 742.75
8 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 6.42 740.30
9 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 6.40 735.40
10 United States George Philbrook (USA) 6.34 720.70
11 United States Harold Babcock (USA) 6.29 708.45
12 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 6.27 703.55
13 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 6.20 686.40
14 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 6.14 671.70
15 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 6.08 657.00
16 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 6.05 649.65
17 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 6.04 647.20
18 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 5.99 634.95
19 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 5.98 632.50
20 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 5.95 625.15
21 Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 5.89 610.45
22 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 5.83 595.75
23 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 5.75 576.15
24 Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 5.72 568.80
25 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 5.64 549.20
26 France Georges André (FRA) 5.60 539.40
27 Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 5.56 529.60
28 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 5.52 519.80
29 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 5.43 497.75
After 2 events
Place Athlete 1 2 Total
1 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 952.4 843.20 1795.60
2 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 904.8 830.95 1735.75
3 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 952.4 750.10 1702.50
4 Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 881.0 742.75 1623.75
5 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 762.0 850.55 1612.55
6 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 785.8 806.45 1592.25
7 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 904.8 671.70 1576.50
8 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 881.0 649.65 1530.65
9 United States Harold Babcock (USA) 809.6 708.45 1518.05
10 United States James Donahue (USA) 762.0 755.00 1517.00
11 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 762.0 740.30 1502.30
12 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 857.2 632.50 1489.70
13 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 833.4 625.15 1458.55
14 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 666.8 735.40 1402.20
Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 833.4 568.80 1402.20
16 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 666.8 703.55 1370.35
17 France Georges André (FRA) 809.6 539.40 1349.00
18 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 690.6 657.00 1347.60
19 United States George Philbrook (USA) 619.2 720.70 1339.90
20 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 643.0 686.40 1329.40
21 Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 714.4 610.45 1324.85
22 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 643.0 647.20 1290.20
23 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 643.0 634.95 1277.95
24 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 714.4 519.80 1234.20
25 Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 690.6 529.60 1220.20
26 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 643.0 576.15 1219.15
27 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 619.2 595.75 1214.95
28 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 595.4 549.20 1144.60
29 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 405.0 497.75 902.75

[edit] Shot put

Event 3
Place Athlete Distance Score
1 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 12.89 809
2 Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 12.83 803
3 United States George Philbrook (USA) 12.79 799
4 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 12.14 734
5 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 11.67 687
6 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 11.50 670
7 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 11.29 649
8 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 11.12 632
Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 11.12 632
10 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 11.09 629
11 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 11.05 625
12 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 10.98 618
13 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 10.69 589
14 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 10.54 574
15 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 10.30 550
16 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 10.20 540
17 United States Harold Babcock (USA) 10.16 536
18 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 10.08 528
19 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 9.98 518
20 France Georges André (FRA) 9.90 510
21 Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 9.86 506
22 Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 9.81 501
23 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 9.76 496
24 United States James Donahue (USA) 9.67 487
Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 9.67 487
26 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 9.35 455
27 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 9.29 449
28 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 8.48 368
29 Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 8.23 343
After 3 events
Place Athlete 1 2 3 Total
1 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 904.8 830.95 809 2544.75
2 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 762.0 850.55 687 2299.55
3 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 952.4 843.20 496 2291.60
4 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 762.0 740.30 734 2236.30
5 Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 833.4 568.80 803 2205.20
6 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 952.4 750.10 455 2157.50
7 United States George Philbrook (USA) 619.2 720.70 799 2138.90
8 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 785.8 806.45 540 2132.25
9 Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 881.0 742.75 501 2124.75
10 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 857.2 632.50 618 2107.70
11 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 881.0 649.65 574 2104.65
12 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 833.4 625.15 629 2087.55
13 United States Harold Babcock (USA) 809.6 708.45 536 2054.05
14 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 666.8 735.40 632 2034.20
15 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 904.8 671.70 449 2025.50
16 United States James Donahue (USA) 762.0 755.00 487 2004.00
17 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 690.6 657.00 632 1979.60
18 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 643.0 647.20 670 1960.20
19 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 714.4 519.80 649 1883.20
20 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 643.0 634.95 589 1866.95
21 France Georges André (FRA) 809.6 539.40 510 1859.00
22 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 643.0 686.40 518 1847.40
23 Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 714.4 610.45 506 1830.85
24 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 643.0 576.15 528 1747.15
25 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 666.8 703.55 368 1738.35
26 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 619.2 595.75 487 1701.95
27 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 595.4 549.20 550 1694.60
28 Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 690.6 529.60 343 1563.20
29 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 405.0 497.75 625 1527.75

[edit] High jump

6 of the 29 starters did not appear for the fourth event.

Event 4
Place Athlete Height Score
1 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 1.87 958
2 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 1.80 860
United States George Philbrook (USA) 1.80 860
4 France Georges André (FRA) 1.75 790
United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 1.75 790
Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 1.75 790
7 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 1.70 720
United States Avery Brundage (USA) 1.70 720
Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 1.70 720
Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 1.70 720
Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 1.70 720
Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 1.70 720
13 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 1.65 650
United States James Donahue (USA) 1.65 650
Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 1.65 650
United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 1.65 650
Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 1.65 650
18 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 1.60 580
Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 1.60 580
20 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 1.55 510
Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 1.55 510
Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 1.55 510
23 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 1.50 440
24 United States Harold Babcock (USA) DNS 0
France Pierre Failliot (FRA) DNS 0
Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) DNS 0
Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) DNS 0
Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) DNS 0
Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) DNS 0
After 4 events
Place Athlete 1 2 3 4 Total
1 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 904.8 830.95 809 958 3502.75
2 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 762.0 850.55 687 860 3159.55
3 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 762.0 740.30 734 790 3026.30
4 United States George Philbrook (USA) 619.2 720.70 799 860 2998.90
5 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 952.4 843.20 496 650 2941.60
6 Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 833.4 568.80 803 720 2925.20
7 Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 881.0 742.75 501 720 2844.75
8 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 857.2 632.50 618 720 2827.70
9 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 904.8 671.70 449 790 2815.50
10 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 785.8 806.45 540 650 2782.25
11 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 666.8 735.40 632 720 2754.20
12 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 690.6 657.00 632 720 2699.60
13 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 833.4 625.15 629 580 2667.55
14 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 952.4 750.10 455 510 2667.50
15 United States James Donahue (USA) 762.0 755.00 487 650 2654.00
16 France Georges André (FRA) 809.6 539.40 510 790 2649.00
17 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 643.0 686.40 518 650 2497.40
18 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 643.0 647.20 670 510 2470.20
19 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 666.8 703.55 368 720 2458.35
20 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 643.0 634.95 589 580 2446.95
21 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 619.2 595.75 487 650 2351.95
22 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 714.4 519.80 649 440 2323.20
23 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 643.0 576.15 528 510 2257.15
24 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 881.0 649.65 574 0 DNF 2104.65
25 United States Harold Babcock (USA) 809.6 708.45 536 0 DNF 2054.05
26 Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 714.4 610.45 506 0 DNF 1830.85
27 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 595.4 549.20 550 0 DNF 1694.60
28 Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 690.6 529.60 343 0 DNF 1563.20
29 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 405.0 497.75 625 0 DNF 1527.75

[edit] 400 metres

5 more athletes, including the 6th-placed Nilsson, retired after the high jump and did not appear for the fifth event. This brought the number of non-finishers up to 11, leaving 18 to continue the competition.

Event 5
Place Athlete Time Score
1 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 49.9 943.60
2 United States James Donahue (USA) 51.6 879.68
3 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 52.1 860.88
4 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 52.2 857.12
5 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 52.3 853.36
6 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 53.2 819.52
Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 53.2 819.52
8 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 53.6 804.48
9 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 54.2 781.92
10 France Georges André (FRA) 54.5 770.64
11 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 54.6 766.88
12 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 55.0 751.84
13 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 55.2 744.32
14 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 55.7 725.52
15 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 56.1 710.48
16 United States George Philbrook (USA) 56.7 687.92
17 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 58.2 631.52
18 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 59.0 601.44
— Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) DNS 0
Germany Otto Röhr (GER) DNS 0
Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) DNS 0
Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) DNS 0
Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) DNS 0
France Pierre Failliot (FRA) DNS 0
United States Harold Babcock (USA) DNS 0
Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) DNS 0
Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) DNS 0
Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) DNS 0
Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) DNS 0
After 5 events
Place Athlete 1 2 3 4 5 Total
1 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 904.8 830.95 809 958 857.12 4359.87
2 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 762.0 850.55 687 860 751.84 3911.39
3 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 952.4 843.20 496 650 943.60 3885.20
4 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 762.0 740.30 734 790 804.48 3830.78
5 United States George Philbrook (USA) 619.2 720.70 799 860 687.92 3686.82
6 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 904.8 671.70 449 790 860.88 3676.38
7 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 857.2 632.50 618 720 819.52 3647.22
8 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 785.8 806.45 540 650 819.52 3601.77
9 United States James Donahue (USA) 762.0 755.00 487 650 879.68 3533.68
10 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 833.4 625.15 629 580 853.36 3520.91
11 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 666.8 735.40 632 720 744.32 3498.52
12 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 690.6 657.00 632 720 781.92 3481.52
13 France Georges André (FRA) 809.6 539.40 510 790 770.64 3419.64
14 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 643.0 686.40 518 650 725.52 3222.92
15 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 643.0 647.20 670 510 631.52 3101.72
16 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 619.2 595.75 487 650 710.48 3062.43
17 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 666.8 703.55 368 720 601.44 3059.79
18 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 643.0 576.15 528 510 766.88 3024.03
19 Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 833.4 568.80 803 720 0 DNF 2925.20
20 Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 881.0 742.75 501 720 0 DNF 2844.75
21 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 952.4 750.10 455 510 0 DNF 2667.50
22 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 643.0 634.95 589 580 0 DNF 2446.95
23 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 714.4 519.80 649 440 0 DNF 2323.20
24 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 881.0 649.65 574 0 0 DNF 2104.65
25 United States Harold Babcock (USA) 809.6 708.45 536 0 0 DNF 2054.05
26 Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 714.4 610.45 506 0 0 DNF 1830.85
27 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 595.4 549.20 550 0 0 DNF 1694.60
28 Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 690.6 529.60 343 0 0 DNF 1563.20
29 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 405.0 497.75 625 0 0 DNF 1527.75

[edit] Discus throw

Philbrook scored over 1000 points in the event by breaking the previous Olympic record (listed as 41.46 metres in the 1912 official report, though actually only 40.89 set by Martin Sheridan in 1908). Since the discus throw event had been held 2 days prior to the decathlon and Armas Taipale had far exceeded the old record, Philbrook's mark was not a new record. It did vault him from 5th place to 2nd following the 6th event, though.

Event 6
Place Athlete Distance Score
1 United States George Philbrook (USA) 41.56 1038.00[1]
2 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 37.14 835.84
3 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 36.98 829.76
4 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 36.29 803.54
5 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 35.46 772.00
6 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 35.35 767.82
7 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 34.07 719.28[2]
8 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 31.78 632.16
9 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 31.65 627.22
10 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 31.48 620.76
11 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 31.34 615.44
12 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 30.52 584.28
13 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 30.20 572.12
14 United States James Donahue (USA) 29.95 562.62
15 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 29.78 556.16
16 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 29.21 534.50
17 France Georges André (FRA) 25.37 388.56[3]
18 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 21.95 258.62
— Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) DNS 0
Germany Otto Röhr (GER) DNS 0
Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) DNS 0
Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) DNS 0
Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) DNS 0
France Pierre Failliot (FRA) DNS 0
United States Harold Babcock (USA) DNS 0
Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) DNS 0
Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) DNS 0
Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) DNS 0
Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) DNS 0
After 6 events
Place Athlete 1 2 3 4 5 6 Total
1 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 904.8 830.95 809 958 857.12 829.76 5189.63
2 United States George Philbrook (USA) 619.2 720.70 799 860 687.92 1038.00 4724.82
3 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 762.0 850.55 687 860 751.84 767.82 4679.21
4 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 762.0 740.30 734 790 804.48 803.54 4634.32
5 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 857.2 632.50 618 720 819.52 632.16 4279.38
6 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 904.8 671.70 449 790 860.88 584.28 4260.66
7 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 690.6 657.00 632 720 781.92 772.00 4253.52
8 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 785.8 806.45 540 650 819.52 627.22 4228.99
9 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 666.8 735.40 632 720 744.32 719.28 4217.80
10 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 952.4 843.20 496 650 943.60 258.62 4143.82
11 United States James Donahue (USA) 762.0 755.00 487 650 879.68 562.62 4096.30
12 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 833.4 625.15 629 580 853.36 556.16 4077.07
13 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 643.0 647.20 670 510 631.52 835.84 3937.56
14 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 643.0 686.40 518 650 725.52 620.76 3843.68
15 France Georges André (FRA) 809.6 539.40 510 790 770.64 388.56 3808.20
16 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 643.0 576.15 528 510 766.88 615.44 3639.47
17 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 619.2 595.75 487 650 710.48 572.12 3634.55
18 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 666.8 703.55 368 720 601.44 534.50 3594.29
19 Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 833.4 568.80 803 720 0 0 DNF 2925.20
20 Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 881.0 742.75 501 720 0 0 DNF 2844.75
21 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 952.4 750.10 455 510 0 0 DNF 2667.50
22 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 643.0 634.95 589 580 0 0 DNF 2446.95
23 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 714.4 519.80 649 440 0 0 DNF 2323.20
24 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 881.0 649.65 574 0 0 0 DNF 2104.65
25 United States Harold Babcock (USA) 809.6 708.45 536 0 0 0 DNF 2054.05
26 Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 714.4 610.45 506 0 0 0 DNF 1830.85
27 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 595.4 549.20 550 0 0 0 DNF 1694.60
28 Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 690.6 529.60 343 0 0 0 DNF 1563.20
29 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 405.0 497.75 625 0 0 0 DNF 1527.75

[edit] 110 metre hurdles

Event 7
Place Athlete Time Score
1 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 15.6 943.0
2 United States James Donahue (USA) 16.2 886.0
3 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 16.3 876.5
4 France Georges André (FRA) 16.4 867.0
Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 16.4 867.0
United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 16.4 867.0
7 United States George Philbrook (USA) 16.8 829.0
8 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 17.0 810.0
Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 17.0 810.0
10 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 17.1 800.5
11 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 17.2 791.0
Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 17.2 791.0
Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 17.2 791.0
14 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 17.6 753.0
15 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 17.7 743.5
16 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 17.8 734.0
17 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 18.9 629.5
18 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 19.5 572.5
— Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) DNS 000.0
Germany Otto Röhr (GER) DNS 000.0
Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) DNS 000.0
Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) DNS 000.0
Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) DNS 000.0
France Pierre Failliot (FRA) DNS 000.0
United States Harold Babcock (USA) DNS 000.0
Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) DNS 000.0
Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) DNS 000.0
Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) DNS 000.0
Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) DNS 000.0
After 7 events
Place Athlete 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Total
1 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 904.8 830.95 809 958 857.12 829.76 943.0 6132.63
2 United States George Philbrook (USA) 619.2 720.70 799 860 687.92 1038.00 829.0 5553.82
3 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 762.0 850.55 687 860 751.84 767.82 753.0 5432.21
4 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 762.0 740.30 734 790 804.48 803.54 791.0 5425.32
5 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 904.8 671.70 449 790 860.88 584.28 876.5 5137.16
6 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 785.8 806.45 540 650 819.52 627.22 867.0 5095.99
7 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 857.2 632.50 618 720 819.52 632.16 810.0 5089.38
8 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 666.8 735.40 632 720 744.32 719.28 800.5 5018.30
9 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 952.4 843.20 496 650 943.60 258.62 867.0 5010.82
10 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 690.6 657.00 632 720 781.92 772.00 743.5 4997.02
11 United States James Donahue (USA) 762.0 755.00 487 650 879.68 562.62 886.0 4982.30
12 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 833.4 625.15 629 580 853.36 556.16 810.0 4887.07
13 France Georges André (FRA) 809.6 539.40 510 790 770.64 388.56 867.0 4675.20
14 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 643.0 686.40 518 650 725.52 620.76 791.0 4634.68
15 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 643.0 647.20 670 510 631.52 835.84 629.5 4567.06
16 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 619.2 595.75 487 650 710.48 572.12 791.0 4425.55
17 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 643.0 576.15 528 510 766.88 615.44 734.0 4373.47
18 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 666.8 703.55 368 720 601.44 534.50 572.5 4166.79
19 Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 833.4 568.80 803 720 0 0 0 DNF 2925.20
20 Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 881.0 742.75 501 720 0 0 0 DNF 2844.75
21 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 952.4 750.10 455 510 0 0 0 DNF 2667.50
22 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 643.0 634.95 589 580 0 0 0 DNF 2446.95
23 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 714.4 519.80 649 440 0 0 0 DNF 2323.20
24 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 881.0 649.65 574 0 0 0 0 DNF 2104.65
25 United States Harold Babcock (USA) 809.6 708.45 536 0 0 0 0 DNF 2054.05
26 Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 714.4 610.45 506 0 0 0 0 DNF 1830.85
27 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 595.4 549.20 550 0 0 0 0 DNF 1694.60
28 Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 690.6 529.60 343 0 0 0 0 DNF 1563.20
29 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 405.0 497.75 625 0 0 0 0 DNF 1527.75

[edit] Pole vault

Two more athletes dropped out, leaving 16 left out of the original 29.

Event 8
Place Athlete Height Score
1 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 3.60 940.6
2 United States James Donahue (USA) 3.40 832.6
3 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 3.25 751.6
Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 3.25 751.6
United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 3.25 751.6
Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 3.25 751.6
7 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 3.20 724.6
8 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 3.10 670.6
9 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 3.00 616.6
10 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 2.90 562.6
United States Avery Brundage (USA) 2.90 562.6
12 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 2.70 454.6
United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 2.70 454.6
Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 2.70 454.6
15 United States George Philbrook (USA) 2.50 346.6
16 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 0.00 0
— France Georges André (FRA) DNS 0
Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) DNS 0
Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) DNS 0
Germany Otto Röhr (GER) DNS 0
Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) DNS 0
Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) DNS 0
Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) DNS 0
France Pierre Failliot (FRA) DNS 0
United States Harold Babcock (USA) DNS 0
Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) DNS 0
Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) DNS 0
Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) DNS 0
Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) DNS 0
After 8 events
Place Athlete 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
1 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 904.8 830.95 809 958 857.12 829.76 943.0 751.6 6884.23
2 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 762.0 850.55 687 860 751.84 767.82 753.0 751.6 6183.81
3 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 762.0 740.30 734 790 804.48 803.54 791.0 670.6 6095.92
4 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 952.4 843.20 496 650 943.60 258.62 867.0 940.6 5951.42
5 United States George Philbrook (USA) 619.2 720.70 799 860 687.92 1038.00 829.0 346.6 5900.42
6 United States James Donahue (USA) 762.0 755.00 487 650 879.68 562.62 886.0 832.6 5814.90
7 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 857.2 632.50 618 720 819.52 632.16 810.0 724.6 5813.98
8 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 785.8 806.45 540 650 819.52 627.22 867.0 562.6 5658.59
9 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 833.4 625.15 629 580 853.36 556.16 810.0 751.6 5638.67
10 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 904.8 671.70 449 790 860.88 584.28 876.5 454.6 5591.76
11 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 666.8 735.40 632 720 744.32 719.28 800.5 562.6 5580.90
12 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 690.6 657.00 632 720 781.92 772.00 743.5 454.6 5451.62
13 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 643.0 647.20 670 510 631.52 835.84 629.5 751.6 5318.66
14 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 643.0 686.40 518 650 725.52 620.76 791.0 616.6 5251.28
15 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 643.0 576.15 528 510 766.88 615.44 734.0 454.6 4828.07
16 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 666.8 703.55 368 720 601.44 534.50 572.5 0 4166.79
17 France Georges André (FRA) 809.6 539.40 510 790 770.64 388.56 867.0 0 DNF 4675.20
18 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 619.2 595.75 487 650 710.48 572.12 791.0 0 DNF 4425.55
19 Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 833.4 568.80 803 720 0 0 0 0 DNF 2925.20
20 Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 881.0 742.75 501 720 0 0 0 0 DNF 2844.75
21 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 952.4 750.10 455 510 0 0 0 0 DNF 2667.50
22 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 643.0 634.95 589 580 0 0 0 0 DNF 2446.95
23 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 714.4 519.80 649 440 0 0 0 0 DNF 2323.20
24 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 881.0 649.65 574 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2104.65
25 United States Harold Babcock (USA) 809.6 708.45 536 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2054.05
26 Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 714.4 610.45 506 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1830.85
27 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 595.4 549.20 550 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1694.60
28 Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 690.6 529.60 343 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1563.20
29 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 405.0 497.75 625 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1527.75

[edit] Javelin throw

Only 14 athletes, fewer than half of the original 29, began the penultimate event.

Event 9
Place Athlete Distance Score
1 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 50.40 878.175
2 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 48.52 826.475
3 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 46.28 764.875
4 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 45.70 748.925
5 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 45.67 748.100
6 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 42.58 663.125
7 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 41.83 642.500
8 United States George Philbrook (USA) 41.67 638.100
9 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 41.06 621.325
10 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 39.82 587.225
11 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 38.99 564.400
12 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 37.34 519.025
13 United States James Donahue (USA) 37.09 512.150
14 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 32.32 380.975
— United States Frank Lukeman (USA) DNS 0
United States Avery Brundage (USA) DNS 0
France Georges André (FRA) DNS 0
Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) DNS 0
Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) DNS 0
Germany Otto Röhr (GER) DNS 0
Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) DNS 0
Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) DNS 0
Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) DNS 0
France Pierre Failliot (FRA) DNS 0
United States Harold Babcock (USA) DNS 0
Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) DNS 0
Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) DNS 0
Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) DNS 0
Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) DNS 0
After 9 events
Place Athlete 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Total
1 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 904.8 830.95 809 958 857.12 829.76 943.0 751.6 748.925 7633.155
2 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 762.0 740.30 734 790 804.48 803.54 791.0 670.6 878.175 6974.095
3 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 762.0 850.55 687 860 751.84 767.82 753.0 751.6 642.500 6826.310
4 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 857.2 632.50 618 720 819.52 632.16 810.0 724.6 764.875 6578.855
5 United States George Philbrook (USA) 619.2 720.70 799 860 687.92 1038.00 829.0 346.6 638.100 6538.520
6 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 785.8 806.45 540 650 819.52 627.22 867.0 562.6 826.475 6485.065
7 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 952.4 843.20 496 650 943.60 258.62 867.0 940.6 380.975 6332.395
8 United States James Donahue (USA) 762.0 755.00 487 650 879.68 562.62 886.0 832.6 512.150 6327.050
9 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 833.4 625.15 629 580 853.36 556.16 810.0 751.6 663.125 6301.795
10 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 690.6 657.00 632 720 781.92 772.00 743.5 454.6 587.225 6038.845
11 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 643.0 686.40 518 650 725.52 620.76 791.0 616.6 748.100 5999.380
12 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 643.0 647.20 670 510 631.52 835.84 629.5 751.6 621.325 5939.985
13 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 643.0 576.15 528 510 766.88 615.44 734.0 454.6 564.400 5392.470
14 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 666.8 703.55 368 720 601.44 534.50 572.5 0 519.025 4685.815
15 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 904.8 671.70 449 790 860.88 584.28 876.5 454.6 0 DNF 5591.760
16 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 666.8 735.40 632 720 744.32 719.28 800.5 562.6 0 DNF 5580.900
17 France Georges André (FRA) 809.6 539.40 510 790 770.64 388.56 867.0 0 0 DNF 4675.200
18 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 619.2 595.75 487 650 710.48 572.12 791.0 0 0 DNF 4425.550
19 Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 833.4 568.80 803 720 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2925.200
20 Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 881.0 742.75 501 720 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2844.750
21 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 952.4 750.10 455 510 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2667.500
22 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 643.0 634.95 589 580 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2446.950
23 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 714.4 519.80 649 440 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2323.200
24 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 881.0 649.65 574 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2104.650
25 United States Harold Babcock (USA) 809.6 708.45 536 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2054.050
26 Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 714.4 610.45 506 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1830.850
27 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 595.4 549.20 550 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1694.600
28 Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 690.6 529.60 343 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1563.200
29 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 405.0 497.75 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1527.750

[edit] 1500 metres

Only 12 of the 29 starters finished the entire decathlon. Thorpe's disqualification in 1913 and subsequent reinstatement 70 years later resulted in the top 4 finishers being awarded medals—2 gold, a silver, and a bronze.

Event 10
Place Athlete Time Score
1 United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 4:40.1 779.8
2 Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 4:41.9 769.0
3 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 4:43.5 759.4
4 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 4:43.9 757.0
5 United States James Donahue (USA) 4:44.0 756.4
6 Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 4:45.0 750.4
7 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 4:46.3 742.6
8 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 4:46.4 742.0
9 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 5:02.8 643.6
10 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 5:05.3 628.6
11 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 5:08.6 608.8
12 Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 5:12.2 587.2
— United States George Philbrook (USA) DNS 0
Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) DNS 0
United States Frank Lukeman (USA) DNS 0
United States Avery Brundage (USA) DNS 0
France Georges André (FRA) DNS 0
Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) DNS 0
Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) DNS 0
Germany Otto Röhr (GER) DNS 0
Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) DNS 0
Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) DNS 0
Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) DNS 0
France Pierre Failliot (FRA) DNS 0
United States Harold Babcock (USA) DNS 0
Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) DNS 0
Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) DNS 0
Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) DNS 0
Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) DNS 0
Final standings
Place Athlete 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total
Gold United States Jim Thorpe (USA) 904.8 830.95 809 958 857.12 829.76 943.0 751.6 748.925 779.8 8412.955[4]
Gold Sweden Hugo Wieslander (SWE) 762.0 740.30 734 790 804.48 803.54 791.0 670.6 878.175 750.4 7724.495
Silver Sweden Charles Lomberg (SWE) 762.0 850.55 687 860 751.84 767.82 753.0 751.6 642.500 587.2 7413.510
Bronze Sweden Gösta Holmér (SWE) 857.2 632.50 618 720 819.52 632.16 810.0 724.6 764.875 769.0 7347.855
5 United States James Donahue (USA) 762.0 755.00 487 650 879.68 562.62 886.0 832.6 512.150 756.4 7083.450
6 United States Eugene Mercer (USA) 952.4 843.20 496 650 943.60 258.62 867.0 940.6 380.975 742.6 7074.995
7 Finland Julius Wickholm (FIN) 833.4 625.15 629 580 853.36 556.16 810.0 751.6 663.125 757.0 7058.795
8 Sweden Erik Kugelberg (SWE) 643.0 686.40 518 650 725.52 620.76 791.0 616.6 748.100 759.4 6758.780
9 Germany Karl von Halt (GER) 690.6 657.00 632 720 781.92 772.00 743.5 454.6 587.225 643.6 6682.445
10 Austria Josef Schäffer (AUT) 643.0 647.20 670 510 631.52 835.84 629.5 751.6 621.325 628.6 6568.585
11 Russia Aleksandr Szulc (RUS) 643.0 576.15 528 510 766.88 615.44 734.0 454.6 564.400 742.0 6134.470
12 Russia Alfreds Alslebens (RUS) 666.8 703.55 368 720 601.44 534.50 572.5 0 519.025 608.8 5294.615
13 United States George Philbrook (USA) 619.2 720.70 799 860 687.92 1038.00 829.0 346.6 638.100 0 DNF 6538.520
14 Norway Ferdinand Bie (NOR) 785.8 806.45 540 650 819.52 627.22 867.0 562.6 826.475 0 DNF 6485.065
15 United States Frank Lukeman (USA) 904.8 671.70 449 790 860.88 584.28 876.5 454.6 0 0 DNF 5591.760
16 United States Avery Brundage (USA) 666.8 735.40 632 720 744.32 719.28 800.5 562.6 0 0 DNF 5580.900
17 France Georges André (FRA) 809.6 539.40 510 790 770.64 388.56 867.0 000.0 0 0 DNF 4675.200
18 Italy Alfredo Pagani (ITA) 619.2 595.75 487 650 710.48 572.12 791.0 0 0 0 DNF 4425.550
19 Sweden Einar Nilsson (SWE) 833.4 568.80 803 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2925.200
20 Germany Otto Röhr (GER) 881.0 742.75 501 720 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2844.750
21 Sweden Skotte Jacobsson (SWE) 952.4 750.10 455 510 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2667.500
22 Sweden Gunnar Rönström (SWE) 643.0 634.95 589 580 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2446.950
23 Germany Alexander Abraham (GER) 714.4 519.80 649 440 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2323.200
24 France Pierre Failliot (FRA) 881.0 649.65 574 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2104.650
25 United States Harold Babcock (USA) 809.6 708.45 536 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 2054.050
26 Denmark Svend Langkjaer (DEN) 714.4 610.45 506 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1830.850
27 Sweden Wiktor Hackberg (SWE) 595.4 549.20 550 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1694.600
28 Italy Manlio Legat (ITA) 690.6 529.60 343 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1563.200
29 Turkey Migirdiç Migiryan (TUR) 405.0 497.75 625 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 DNF 1527.750

[edit] Notes

  1. ^ This score is reported in the Official Report. According to the formula given earlier in the Report (1000 point base, plus .38 points for each .01 metres from 41.46), however, the score should have been 1003.80 points.
  2. ^ Score as reported in the OR. The formula gives 719.18 points.
  3. ^ Score as reported in the OR. The formula gives 388.58 points.
  4. ^ Total as given in Wudarski. A sum of the scores given by formula gives a total of 8412.995 points.

[edit] References

  • Bergvall, Erik (ed.) (1913). in Adams-Ray, Edward (trans.).: The Official Report of the Olympic Games of Stockholm 1912. Stockholm: Wahlström & Widstrand. 
  • Wudarski, Pawel (1999). Wyniki Igrzysk Olimpijskich. Retrieved on 7 January 2007. (Polish)
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