Armenian Question
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| Armenian Genocide |
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| Background |
| Armenians in the Ottoman Empire · Armenian Question · Hamidian Massacres · Zeitun Resistance (1895) · 1896 Ottoman Bank Takeover · Yıldız Attempt · Adana Massacre · Young Turk Revolution |
| The Genocide |
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Armenian notables deported from the Ottoman capital · Tehcir Law · Armenian casualties of deportations · Ottoman Armenian casualties · Labour battalion |
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Major extermination centers: |
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Resistance: |
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Foreign aid and relief: |
| Responsible parties |
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Young Turks: |
| Aftermath |
| Courts-Martial · Operation Nemesis · Partitioning of the Ottoman Empire · Denial of the Genocide
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The term "Armenian Question" as used in European history, became common place among diplomatic circles and in the popular press after the Congress of Berlin; that in like Eastern Question, refers to powers of Europe's involvement to the Armenian subjects of the Ottoman Empire beginning with the Russo-Turkish War of 1877-78. However in specific terms, the Armenian question refers to the protection and the freedoms of Armenians from their neighboring communities.[1] The "Armenian question" explains the forty years of Armenian-Ottoman history in the context of English, German, Russian politics between 1877-1914.
The "Armenian Question", like the "Eastern Question", remained a factor (issue) in international politics, first with Great Britain and Germany; then Russia taking on the role of Ottoman Armenians protector, (see protectorate of missions).
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[edit] The origin
During the 18th century Ottoman Empire sustained extensive territorial losses (see: decline of the Ottoman Empire) and the Balkan nationalities, aided by European arms and diplomacy began their struggles for their liberation, (see: national awakening in the Balkans).[2] It was unfortunate, somewhat, that the Armenians had their provinces not bordered with other European states, just to Russia. Russia—became increasingly involved in Ottoman affairs using the "capitulations of the Ottoman Empire" established after the Russian intervention in 1877-1878. Russia gained control over a large part of Armenia become the protectorate of Armenians in the Ottoman Empire (a protectorate clause) and obtained the independence of Romania (see:National awakening of Romania) and Serbia. Beginning with the Congress of Berlin, Armenian question become a pivotal point in which sometimes Russia had to step back as a result of the English and German pressure, or vice versa.
[edit] Historical milestones
[edit] Effects of Congress of Berlin
- See also: Congress of Berlin
The Armenian National Assembly and Patriarch Nerses II of Constantinople sent Catholicos Mgrdich Khrimian to Berlin to present the case for the Armenians. In his famous patriotic speech “The Paper Ladle,”; Mgrdich Khrimian advised Armenians to take the National awakening of Bulgaria as a model as the hopes of the Armenian people for self-determination were ignored by the European community of nations.[3]
[edit] References
[edit] See also
| Southeast Europe: Greece | Bulgaria | Albania | Serbia | Bosnia and Herzegovina | Hungary | Cyprus | North Africa: Libya | Algeria | Egypt See also: Phanariotes | Jews | Eastern Question | Armenian Question |
