Antrim (constituency)

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Antrim was a county constituency in Ireland, which was used to elect members of various legislative bodies. An alternative name for the constituency is County Antrim.

Contents

[edit] Summary

From To Chamber Members
? 1800 House of Commons of Ireland 2
1801 1885 House of Commons of the United Kingdom 2
1921 1929 House of Commons of Northern Ireland 7
1922 1950 House of Commons of the United Kingdom 2

Note: This was a potential Dáil Éireann constituency 1921-1922 (see below for more details).

[edit] Representation

[edit] House of Commons of Ireland

This county constituency was enfranchised as a Parliamentary constituency at an uncertain date, between the first known meeting of the Parliament in 1264 and the division of the area into baronies in 1584. It sent two knights of the shire to the Irish House of Commons.

The county was represented in the Parliament of the Commonwealth of England, Scotland and Ireland, under the Instrument of Government, after it was established in 1654. It was part of the Down, Antrim and Armagh (constituency). Following the restoration of the King in 1660 the Parliament of Ireland was re-established and the constituency again returned two Members of Parliament. See First Protectorate Parliament for the list of Irish constituencies during the Protectorate.

[edit] House of Commons of the United Kingdom

Antrim
County constituency
Created: 1801, 1922
Abolished: 1885, 1950
Type: House of Commons

The Act of Union 1800 provided for the Parliament of Ireland to be merged with the Parliament of Great Britain, to form the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The 300 seats in the Irish House of Commons were reduced to 100 Irish members in the United Kingdom House of Commons. The thirty-two Irish counties retained two seats in Parliament.

The union took effect on 1 January 1801. There was no new election for the members of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom, as the House of Commons was composed of members elected to the previous Parliaments of Ireland and Great Britain.

The county existed as a two-member UK House of Commons constituency in two periods, 1801-1885 and 1922-1950.

[edit] House of Commons of Northern Ireland

The Government of Ireland Act 1920 established a devolved home rule legislature, within the United Kingdom, for six Irish counties which were designated Northern Ireland.

Antrim was given seven seats in the Northern Ireland House of Commons, from 1921. In 1929 the area was split into seven single-member constituencies.

[edit] Dáil Éireann

In the Irish elections, 1921 Sinn Féin candidates contested the elections on the basis that, if they won, they would not take seats in the devolved Parliaments of Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland but would become part of a revolutionary assembly in Dublin known as the Second Dáil.

The county was, in Irish republican theory, entitled to return seven Teachtaí Dála (known in English as Deputies). In practice only the Sinn Féin deputies participated in the Dáil.

The First Dáil, passed a motion at its last meeting on 10 May 1921, the first three parts of which make explicit the republican view.

  • 1. That the Parliamentary elections which are to take place during the present month be regarded as elections to Dáil Éireann.
  • 2. That all deputies duly returned at these elections be regarded as members of Dáil Éireann and allowed to take their seats on subscribing to the proposed Oath of Allegiance.
  • 3. That the present Dáil dissolve automatically as soon as the new body has been summoned by the President and called to order.

The Second Dáil first met on 16 August 1921, thereby dissolving the First Dáil.

The Third Dáil elected in 1922 was, in United Kingdom law, the constituent assembly for the Irish Free State. From this time the Dáil represented only the twenty-six Irish counties not included in the six counties of Northern Ireland. Non-Sinn Féin Deputies began to participate in the Dáil.

[edit] Boundaries and Boundary Changes

1264-1800: A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland by Samuel Lewis discusses the administrative history of Antrim. It is uncertain when Antrim was made a County and given representation as such in Parliament. Something like the modern arrangements seem to have originated in 1584 when the Lord Deputy Sir John Perrot divided the area into baronies. From whatever point the county constituency existed it comprised the whole of County Antrim, excluding the parts in the borough constituencies of Antrim Borough (from 1666), Belfast (1613), Carrickfergus (1326), Lisburn (1661) and Randalstown (1683).

1801-1885: The whole of County Antrim, excluding the parts in the Parliamentary borough constituencies of Belfast, Carrickfergus and Lisburn.

In 1885-1922 the county was split between the divisions of Antrim East, Antrim Mid, Antrim North and Antrim South.

1922-1950: The Administrative county of Antrim, that is the whole of County Antrim excluding the part in the City of Belfast.

The Northern Ireland Parliament constituency (1921-1929) had the same boundaries as the 1922-1950 UK Parliament constituency. In 1929 the seven Northern Ireland Parliament divisions into which Antrim was divided were Antrim Antrim, Antrim Bann Side, Antrim Carrick, Antrim Larne, Antrim Mid, Antrim North and Antrim South.

In 1950 the county was split, for UK Parliament purposes, between the divisions of Antrim North and Antrim South.

[edit] Politics of the constituency

Throughout the post-Union history of this constituency, it almost always supported (often very strongly) Tory, Conservative and Unionist candidates.

Catholics, who were otherwise qualified to vote, had to take various oaths before doing so; under Acts of 1691 and 1703. An Act of 1727 prohibited "papists" from voting at all. They were not again permitted to qualify to vote until 1793. Catholics were excluded from taking seats in Parliament from 1691 until 1829. See Catholic emancipation for further details.

Before 1885 there was a restrictive property based franchise. In 1829 the traditional county 40 shilling freehold landowning qualification was changed to a £10 qualification (which was an increase to five times the previous level). It was not until the householder franchise was introduced for county elections, in the electoral reforms which took effect in 1885, that most (but not all) adult males became voters.

In these circumstances most Members of Parliament came from a limited number of Protestant aristocratic and gentry families. There were few contested elections.

By 1921 there was universal male suffrage (from the age of 21) and women who met a property qualification were enfranchised from the age of 30. Universal adult suffrage (with all electors qualifying at the age of 21) was introduced from the United Kingdom general election, 1929.

Even with the aid of a democratic franchise and proportional representation only one Nationalist was elected out of seven seats, in the Northern Ireland elections of 1921 and 1925.

The sort of people who represented Antrim in Parliament in the twentieth century were quite similar to their nineteenth century predecessors.

[edit] Representatives

[edit] Members of Parliament (Ireland) 1264-1800

Note: The Lord Lieutenant wrote to the Sheriff of Antrim on 2 November 1665 recommending Poyntz as the successor of Skeffington, who had inherited a peerage in September. In the absence of evidence to the contrary it is assumed that, in this period, such a recommendation was tantamount to election.

[edit] Members of Parliament (United Kingdom) 1801-1885 and 1922-1950

Key to parties: C Conservative, L Liberal, NP no party identified, T Tory, U Unionist, W Whig. Changes of party name in 1832 are indicated i.e. (T,C) and (W,L).

From To Name (Party) Born Died
1801 1802 Rt Hon. John Staples (NP) 1 March 1734 22 December 1820
1801 1812 Edmond Alexander MacNaghten (T) 2 August 1762 15 March 1832
1802 1841 Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill (T,C) 30 December 1780 12 February 1855
1812 1818 Earl of Yarmouth (T) 11 March 1777 1 March 1842
1818 1822 Hugh Henry John Seymour (T) 25 September 1790 2 December 1821
1822 1826 Earl of Yarmouth (T) 22 February 1800 25 August 1870
1826 1830 Edmond Alexander McNaghten (T) 2 August 1734 15 March 1832
1830 1837 Earl of Belfast (T,W,L) 10 February 1797 20 October 1883
1837 1845 John Irving (C) c. 1767 10 November 1845
1841 1852 Nathaniel Alexander (C) 1815 5 January 1853
1845 1847 Sir Horace Beauchamp Seymour (C) 22 November 1791 21 November 1851
1847 1852 Sir Edward Macnaghten, Bt (C) 1 April 1790 6 January 1876
1852 1854 Edward William Pakenham (C) 1819 5 November 1854
1852 1859 George Macartney (C) 1793
1854 1865 Thomas Henry Pakenham (C) 28 June 1826 20 February 1913
1859 1863 George Frederick Upton (C) 5 August 1802 4 January 1890
1863 1880 Hon. Edward O'Neill (C) 31 December 1839 19 November 1928
1865 1869 George Henry Seymour (C) 20 March 1818 25 July 1869
1869 1874 Earl of Yarmouth (C) 22 October 1843 23 March 1912
1874 1885 James Chaine (C) 1841 4 May 1885
1880 1885 Edward MacNaghten (C) 3 February 1830 17 February 1913
1885 1885 William Pirrie Sinclair (L) 1837 1 November 1900
1922 1950 Rt Hon. Sir Hugh O'Neill, Bt (U) 8 June 1883 28 November 1982
1922 1929 Rt Hon. Charles Curtis Craig (U) 18 February 1869 28 January 1960
1929 1942 Sir Joseph McConnell (U) 17 September 1877 27 August 1942
1943 1945 John Dermot Campbell (U) 20 January 1898 23 January 1945
1945 1950 Samuel Gillmor Haughton (U) 1 December 1889 19 May 1959

Notes:

  • (1) Earl of Yarmouth (1800-1870) was known as Viscount Beauchamp until 17 June 1822.
  • (2) Earl of Belfast became W by 1831 and is categorised as L from 1832.
  • (3) Earl of Yarmouth (1843-1912) was known as Hugh de Grey Seymour until 25 August 1870.

[edit] Members of Parliament (Northern Ireland) 1921-1929

Key to parties: N Irish Nationalist, U Ulster Unionist Party, UTA Unbought Tenants Association.

From To Name (Party) Born Died
1921 1929 John Milne Barbour (U) 1868 3 October 1951
1921 1929 R.W.H. O'Neill (U) 8 June 1883 28 November 1982
1921 1929 George Boyle Hanna (U) 17 December 1877 30 October 1938
1921 1929 Robert Crawford (U) 1874 28 July 1946
1921 1925 Robert Dick Megaw (U) 1869 2 May 1947
1921 1929 John Fawcett Gordon (U) 1879 21 June 1965
1921 1925 Joseph Devlin (N) 1872 18 January 1934
1925 1929 Thomas Stanislaus McAllister (N) 1950
1925 1929 George Henderson (UTA)

Note: Joseph Devlin (N) was also elected in 1921 for Belfast West and chose to represent that seat. However as he was boycotting the Northern Ireland Parliament he could not formally resign and arrange for a by-election to fill the vacancy in the Antrim constituency.

[edit] Elections

In two-member elections the bloc voting system was used. Voters could cast a vote for one or two candidates, as they chose. The two candidates with the largest number of votes were elected.

In by-elections, to fill a single seat, the first past the post system applied.

There was no election in 1801. The representatives of the county in the former Parliament of Ireland became members of the 1st Parliament of the United Kingdom.

After 1832, when registration of voters was introduced, a turnout figure is given for contested elections. In two-member elections, when the exact number of participating voters is unknown, this is calculated by dividing the number of votes by two. To the extent that voters did not use both their votes this will be an underestimate of turnout. If the electorate figure is unknown the last known electorate figure is used to provide an estimate of turnout.

Where a party had more than one candidate in one or both of a pair of successive elections change is calculated for each individual candidate, otherwise change is based on the party vote.

[edit] House of Commons (United Kingdom)

Co-option 1 January 1801: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Non Partisan Right Hon. John Staples Co-opted N/A N/A
Tory Edmond Alexander MacNaghten Co-opted N/A N/A
General Election 19 July 1802: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Edmond Alexander MacNaghten Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 19 November 1806: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Edmond Alexander MacNaghten Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 18 May 1807: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Edmond Alexander MacNaghten Unopposed N/A N/A
By-Election 15 May 1811: Antrim
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory hold Swing N/A
  • Disqualification of O'Neill for voting in Parliament without taking the oath
By-Election 9 May 1812: Antrim
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory hold Swing N/A
General Election 21 October 1812: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Earl of Yarmouth Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 27 June 1818: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Henry John Seymour Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 22 March 1820: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Hugh Henry John Seymour Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of Seymour
By-Election 12 January 1822: Antrim
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Viscount Beauchamp Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory hold Swing N/A
  • Note: Viscount Beauchamp was known as the Earl of Yarmouth from 17 June 1822.
General Election 20 June 1826: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Tory Edmond Alexander MacNaghten Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 13 August 1830: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill 839 40.12 N/A
Tory Earl of Belfast 719 34.39 N/A
Tory Edmund McDonnell 523 26.01 N/A
Non Partisan Lord Mark Ker 10 0.48 N/A
General Election 21 May 1831: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Tory Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Whig Earl of Belfast Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 2 January 1833: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill 1,719 28.86 N/A
Liberal Earl of Belfast 1,654 27.77 N/A
Conservative Edmund McDonnell 1,451 24.36 N/A
Conservative John Cromie 1,133 19.02 N/A
Turnout 3,487 86.78 N/A
  • Note: 3,026 voters cast 5,957 votes.
General Election 15 January 1835: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Liberal Earl of Belfast Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 5 August 1837: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Hon. John Bruce Richard O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative John Irving Unopposed N/A N/A
By-Election 14 April 1841: Antrim
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Nathaniel Alexander Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 13 July 1841: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative John Irving Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative Nathaniel Alexander Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of Irving
By-Election 22 December 1845: Antrim
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Sir Horace Beauchamp Seymour Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A
General Election 11 August 1847: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Nathaniel Alexander Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative Sir Edmund Charles Workman MacNaghten, Bt Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 23 July 1852: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward William Pakenham Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative George Macartney Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of Pakenham
By-Election 27 December 1854: Antrim
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Thomas Henry Pakenham Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A
General Election 16 April 1857: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Thomas Henry Pakenham 4,686 44.38 N/A
Conservative George Macartney 4,341 41.11 N/A
Liberal Henry Hutchinson Hamilton O'Hara 1,533 14.52 N/A
Turnout 9,676 54.57 N/A
General Election 10 May 1859: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Thomas Henry Pakenham Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative Hon. George Frederick Upton Unopposed N/A N/A
By-Election 6 May 1863: Antrim
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A
General Election 22 July 1865: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Edward O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative George Henry Seymour Unopposed N/A N/A
By-Election 17 July 1866: Antrim
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative George Henry Seymour Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A
General Election 23 November 1868: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Hon. Edward O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
Conservative George Henry Seymour Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of Seymour
By-Election 21 August 1869: Antrim
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative Hugh de Grey Seymour 5,588 70.90 N/A
Liberal Sir Robert Shafto Adair, Bt 2,294 29.10 N/A
Majority 3,294 41.79 N/A
Turnout 11,715 67.28 N/A
Conservative hold Swing N/A
  • Note: Hugh de Grey Seymour was known as the Earl of Yarmouth from 25 August 1870.
General Election 12 February 1874: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative James Chaine 4,356 34.83 +34.83
Conservative Hon. Edward O'Neill 4,142 33.12 +33.12
Liberal Charles Wilson 4,009 32.05 +2.95
Turnout 10,436 59.92 -7.36
General Election 6 April 1880: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Conservative James Chaine 5,124 26.33 -8.50
Conservative Edward MacNaghten 4,936 25.37 +25.37
Liberal Charles Wilson 4,789 24.61 -7.44
Liberal Samuel Black 4,610 23.69 +23.69
Turnout 11,701 83.15 +23.23
  • Death of Chaine
By-Election 21 May 1885: Antrim
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Liberal William Pirrie Sinclair 3,971 50.89 +50.89
Conservative Hon. Robert Torrens O'Neill 3,832 49.11 +49.11
Majority 139 1.78 N/A
Turnout 11,701 (1880) 66.69 -16.46
Liberal gain from Conservative Swing N/A
  • Constituency divided in the 1885 redistribution and recreated in the 1922 redistribution.
General Election 15 November 1922: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Ulster Unionist Charles Curtis Craig Unopposed N/A N/A
Ulster Unionist Rt Hon. R.W.H. O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 6 December 1923: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Ulster Unionist Rt Hon. Charles Curtis Craig Unopposed N/A N/A
Ulster Unionist Rt Hon. R.W.H. O'Neill Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 29 October 1924: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Ulster Unionist Rt Hon. Charles Curtis Craig 60,868 49.03 N/A
Ulster Unionist Rt Hon. R.W.H. O'Neill 60,764 48.95 N/A
Sinn Féin P. McCormick 2,514 2.03 N/A
Turnout 98,616 64.21 N/A
  • Note: 63,323 (estimated) ballot papers issued.
General Election 30 May 1929: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Ulster Unionist Rt Hon. R.W.H. O'Neill 53,864 37.53 -11.42
Ulster Unionist Sir Joseph McConnell, Bt 52,851 36.82 +36.82
Liberal George Henderson 18,985 13.23 +13.23
Liberal R.N. Boyd 17,824 12.42 +12.32
Turnout 123,474 58.57 -5.64
  • Note: 72,314 ballot papers issued.
General Election 27 October 1931: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Ulster Unionist Sir Joseph McConnell, Bt Unopposed N/A N/A
Ulster Unionist Rt Hon. Sir R.W.H. O'Neill, Bt Unopposed N/A N/A
General Election 14 November 1935: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Ulster Unionist Sir Joseph McConnell, Bt Unopposed N/A N/A
Ulster Unionist Rt Hon. Sir R.W.H. O'Neill, Bt Unopposed N/A N/A
  • Death of McConnell
By-Election 11 February 1943: Antrim
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Ulster Unionist John Dermot Campbell 42,371 69.40 N/A
Labour (NI) R. Getgood 17,253 28.26 N/A
Progressive Unionist R.H. Press 1,432 2.35 N/A
Majority 25,118 41.14 N/A
Turnout 135,795 44.96 N/A
Ulster Unionist hold Swing N/A
  • Seat vacant at dissolution (Death of Campbell)
General Election 5 July 1945: Antrim (2 seats)
Party Candidate Votes % ±%
Ulster Unionist Rt Hon. Sir R.W.H. O'Neill, Bt 57,259 43.09 +43.09
Ulster Unionist Samuel Gillmor Haughton 57,232 43.07 +43.07
Labour (NI) H. Holmes 18,403 12.79 -15.47
Turnout 134,528 56.23 +11.27
  • Note: 75,662 ballot papers issued.
  • Constituency divided in the 1950 redistribution

[edit] House of Commons (Northern Ireland)

  • Electorate 93,566; Valid votes 79,949; Turnout 85.45%; Quota 9,994
24 May 1921 General Election: Antrim (7 seats)
Candidate Party 1st Pref % Seat Count
J.M. Barbour Ulster Unionist 17,735 22.18 1 1
R.W.H. O'Neill Ulster Unionist 16,681 20.86 2 1
G.B. Hanna Ulster Unionist 12,584 15.74 3 1
Joseph Devlin Irish Nationalist 9,448 11.82 7 5
R.D. Megaw Ulster Unionist 8,326 10.41 5 3
Robert Crawford Ulster Unionist 5,976 7.47 4 2
L.J. Walsh Sinn Féin 4,951 6.19
J.F. Gordon Ulster Unionist 2,967 3.71 6 4
J. Connolly Sinn Féin 1,281 1.60
  • Electorate 98,278; Valid votes 64,315; Turnout 65.44%; Quota 8,040
3 April 1925 General Election: Antrim (7 seats)
Candidate Party 1st Pref % Seat Count
J.M. Barbour Ulster Unionist 13,499 20.99 1 1
R.W.H. O'Neill Ulster Unionist 12,579 19.56 2 1
T.S. McAllister Irish Nationalist 11,857 18.44 3 1
Robert Crawford Ulster Unionist 7,310 11.37 4 2
G.B. Hanna Ulster Unionist 6,524 10.14 5 3
George Henderson Unbought Tenants Association 4,866 7.57 6 4
R.D. Megaw Ulster Unionist 4,362 6.78
J.F. Gordon Ulster Unionist 3,318 5.16 7 5
  • Constituency divided in the 1929 redistribution

[edit] References

  • The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844-50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
  • Parliamentary Election Results in Ireland, 1801-1922, edited by B.M. Walker (Royal Irish Academy 1978)
  • Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832-1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
  • Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume III 1919-1945, edited by M. Stenton and S. Lees (The Harvester Press 1979)
  • British Parliamentary Election Results 1918-1949, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
  • Northern Ireland Parliamentary Election Results 1921-1972, compiled and edited by Sydney Elliott (Political Reference Publications 1973)

[edit] External links

[edit] See also

This page incorporates information from Leigh Rayment's Peerage Page.

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