Antineoplastic

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Antineoplastics (or "antitumor antibiotics", or "noncovalent DNA-binding drugs", or "cytotoxic antibiotics", see also neoplastics) are drugs that inhibit and combat the development of tumors.

In the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, they are classified under L01D.

[edit] Modes of action

Antineoplastics work by:

• Inhibiting topoisomerase II which stops DNA being unwound, which is required for both DNA replication and RNA/protein synthesis.
• Generating free radicals.

They are products of various strains of the soil fungus Streptomyces.

[edit] Examples

• actinomycin (L01DA01).
  • The most important immunosuppressant from this group is dactinomycin, which is used to in kidney transplantations.
• anthracyclines
  • doxorubicin (L01DB01)
  • daunorubicin (L01DB02)
  • epirubicin (L01DB03), which also inhibit topoisomerase II)
• other cytotoxic antibiotics
  • bleomycin (L01DC01). Bleomycin acts in unique way through oxidation of a DNA-bleomycin-Fe(II) complex and forming free radicals, which induce damage and chromosomal aberrations.
  • plicamycin (L01DC02)
  • mitomycin (L01DC03)

[edit] External links

• University of Nebraska
• Formulary by category
• Generics
• MeSH Antineoplastics
• Dictionary at eMedicine Antineoplastic

v • d • e Chemotherapeutic agents/Antineoplastic agents (L01)
Alkylating agents	Nitrogen mustards: (Chlorambucil, Chlormethine, Cyclophosphamide, Ifosfamide, Melphalan). Nitrosoureas:(Carmustine, Fotemustine, Lomustine, Streptozocin). Platinum: (Carboplatin, Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin, BBR3464). Busulfan, Dacarbazine, Mechlorethamine, Procarbazine, Temozolomide, ThioTEPA, Uramustine
Antimetabolites	Folic acid: (Aminopterin, Methotrexate, Pemetrexed, Raltitrexed). Purine:(Cladribine, Clofarabine, Fludarabine, Mercaptopurine, Pentostatin, Thioguanine). Pyrimidine:(Capecitabine, Cytarabine, Fluorouracil, Floxuridine, Gemcitabine)
Spindle poison plant alkaloids	Taxane: (Docetaxel, Paclitaxel). Vinca: (Vinblastine, Vincristine, Vindesine, Vinorelbine).
Cytotoxic/antitumor antibiotics	Anthracycline family: (Daunorubicin, Doxorubicin, Epirubicin, Idarubicin, Mitoxantrone, Valrubicin). Bleomycin, Hydroxyurea, Mitomycin, Actinomycin
Topoisomerase inhibitors	Camptotheca: (Camptothecin, Topotecan, Irinotecan), Podophyllum:(Etoposide, Teniposide).
CI monoclonal antibodies	Alemtuzumab, Bevacizumab, Cetuximab, Gemtuzumab, Panitumumab, Rituximab, Tositumomab, Trastuzumab
Photosensitizers	Aminolevulinic acid, Methyl aminolevulinate, Porfimer sodium, Verteporfin
Kinase inhibitors	Dasatinib, Erlotinib, Gefitinib, Imatinib, Lapatinib, Nilotinib, Sorafenib, Sunitinib, Vandetanib (ZD6474)
Other	Alitretinoin, Altretamine, Amsacrine, Anagrelide, Arsenic trioxide, Asparaginase, Bexarotene, Bortezomib, Denileukin diftitox, Estramustine, Hydroxycarbamide, Masoprocol, Mitotane, Pegaspargase, Tretinoin