Anti-idiotypic

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[edit] Anti-idiotypic (vaccines)

Anti-idiotypic (vaccines) - are vaccines comprising antibodies that have three-dimensional immunogenic regions (each, an idiotope) that correspond to the idiotype (collection of specific idiotopes, i.e., protein sequences that bind to cell receptors) of a given antigen. In one example of producing an anti-idiotypic vaccine, antibodies that bind TAAs (Tumor associated antigens)are isolated and injected into mice. To the murine immune system, the TAA antibodies are antigens and cause an immunogenic reaction producing murine antibodies that can bind to the "TAA idiotype" and is said to be "anti-idiotypic". The resulting murine antibodies are harvested and used to vaccinate other mice. The resulting antibodies in the second set of mice have a three-dimensional binding site that mimics the structure (i.e., idiotopes) of the original TAA, i.e., they present the idiotype of the TAA. These antibodies are combined with an adjuvant and given as a vaccine. The murine immune system essentially "amplifies" a small mass of TAA antibodies into a much larger mass used to vaccinate humans. Because the antibody produced using the "anti-idiotypic" process closely resembles the antigen, these antibodies can be used to induce immune responses (cellular, antibody-antigen) to a given antigen, e.g., TAA, when administered as a vaccine to a human. They are mainly used for high risk cancer patients.

[edit] References

Ansel's Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery System (Page 513) (ISBN 0-7817-4612-4)