Anti-Pakistani sentiment

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

You have new messages (last change).
The neutrality of this article is disputed.
Please see the discussion on the talk page.
? This article or section may contain original research or unattributed claims.
Please help Wikipedia by adding references. See the talk page for details.

Anti-Pakistani sentiment involves xenophobia, particularly dislike, grievance, suspicion, dehumanization, intimidation, fear, and/or hostility of the Pakistani people, Pakistani nation and/or Pakistani culture. Sometimes the term Pakistanophobia is also used [1]

Sentiments against Pakistan are viewed by some as commonplace in parts of South Asia, due to lingering resentment against Pakistan's own racism, prejudice, colonization, war crimes, aggression, and exploitations during, and after Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent, and Pakistani attitudes and policies since Independence that continue today. [2] Anti-Pakistani sentiments range from animosity towards the Pakistani government's actions and disdain for Pakistani culture to racism against the Pakistani people. [3] [4][5]

In the past, anti-Pakistani and anti-Muslim sentiment were synonymous with Hindus viewing Pakistani Muslim people as invaders, occupiers, and barbaric, Holding them responsible for the Persecution of Hindus and for Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent, Sikhs held them responsible for the Martyrdom of Guru Tegh Bahadar. While at the same time Pakistani people sometimes described Hindus as "Kafirs", "Idolaters" or "savages" and considered themselves the ruling elites that ruled the subcontinent for almost a millenium and that the land that was conquered from the Hindus was ordained by God. Many Hindus pointed to the disparaging comments that were made by Muslim conquers, One such famous quote was made by the first Mughal emperor Babur wrote in the Bāburnāma:

“ Hindustan is a place of little charm. There is no beauty in its people, no graceful social intercourse, no poetic talent or understanding, no etiquette, nobility or manliness. The arts and crafts have no harmony or symmetry. There are no good horses, meat, grapes, melons or other fruit. There is no ice, cold water, good food or bread in the markets. There are no baths and no madrasas. There are no candles, torches or candlesticks"[6]. ”

Today, anti-Pakistani sentiment continues based on Pakistani military aggression in the middle of the 20th century, war atrocities committed by the Pakistan Army and Pakistan loyalists know as "Razakars" before and during Bangladesh Liberation War, and alleged Pakistani state-sponsored terrorism. While passions have settled somewhat since Pakistan's defeat in the 1971 war, tempers continue to flare on occasion over the perception among some that the Pakistan government has made insufficient penance for the 1971 Bangladesh atrocities, or has sought to whitewash the history of these events. There also remains a great deal of hatred for past actions of Muslim conquerers who are revered as almost saints in Pakistani nationalism, The Muslim conquest in the Indian subcontinent, The relentless Persecution of Hindus and the execution of Guru Teg Bahadur a Sikh religious figure by Muslims historically associated with Pakistan makes much for the origins of anti-Pakistani sentiment.

Contents

[edit] Afghanistan

Anti-Pakistani sentiment in Afghanistan has been widespread since the inception of Pakistan in 1947. One of Afghanistan's first political gestures toward its new neighbor was a demand for self-determination for Pashtun and Baluchi tribes on the Indian subcontinent.The dispute over what came to be known as the "Pushtunistan" problem led to Afghanistan casting the lone vote against Pakistani admission to the United Nations in 1947.[7]

Whilst the majority of Afghan people remain thankful for the massive assistance provided to them by Pakistan during the Soviet war in Afghanistan.[8] Anti-Pakistan sentiment has been steadily rising in Afghanistan.[9]

In the aftermath of the September 11th Attacks and Pakistan joining the War on Terrorism, The response of Afghanistan appears to suggest that all of Afghanistan's ills have originated in Pakistan. Afghanistan has done little recently to foster mutual understanding between two neighbors who have had an uneasy coexistence since Pakistan was established as a state nearly 60 years ago.[7]

Paradoxically despite the presence of Anti-Pakistani sentiment in Afghanistan, Pakistan remains home to almost 3 million Afghan refugees since Soviet war in Afghanistan most stay due to better economic and political reasons if not for any like of the Pakistan nation. Pakistan has announced that all 2.4 million Afghan refugees, most living in camps, must return home by 2009.[10] Nearly half of today's Afghan population has visited Pakistan at some point, making it the country that Afghans are most familiar with outside their homeland.[11]

Pakistan is Afghanistan’s biggest trading partner, thus Afghanistan is very sensitive to changes in its neighbour’s economy. Increases in the cost of basic goods in Pakistan leads to a corresponding increase in Afghanistan..[12] Pakistan is also one of the largest aid donors to Afghanistan. it has given Afghanistan $350 million to accelerate economic activity there.[12]

[edit] Bangladesh

There is anti-Pakistan sentiment in Bangladesh. There may be some regional variation in the intensity of anti-Pakistan sentiment, The roots of this dislike lie in history. Bangladesh started off as a part of Pakistan known as East Pakistan formed by the Partition of India towards the middle of the 20th century. Dissatisfaction with the settlement and the Crackdown led to the Bangladesh Liberation War.

Isolated anti-Pakistan sentiment in Bangladesh can be directly traced to the Bangladesh Liberation War, which was one theatre of the War. As a direct consequence of the war, Bangladesh suffered 3 million civilian deaths, and 10 million refugees.[13] In addition Bangladeshi sources cite a figure of 200,000 women raped, giving birth to thousands of war-babies, Some other sources, for example Susan Brownmiller, refer to an even higher number of over 400,000. Pakistani sources claim the number is much lower, though having not completely denied rape incidents.[14]

The minorities of Bangladesh, especially the Hindus, were specific targets of the Pakistan army.[15]

Pakistan loyalists and supporters point to the work of Sarmila Bose (a Harvard-educated Indian academic related to the Indian Netaji Subhash Chandra Bose), presented a paper suggesting that the casualties and rape allegations in the war have been greatly exaggerated for political purposes.[16] This work has been criticized in Bangladesh and her research methods have been attacked as shoddy and biased.[17]

Bangladesh also accuses the Pakistan Army and its loyalist forces the Al-Badr and Al-Shams of killing Bangladeshi intellectuals such as doctors, teachers, poets, and scholars in a targetted manner.[18]

“ If the rate of killing for all of Pakistan is annualized over the years the Yahya martial law regime was in power (March 1969 to December 1971), then this one regime was more lethal than that of the Soviet Union, China under the communists, or Japan under the military (even through World War II)."[19]. ”


[edit] India

Please help improve this article or section by expanding it.
Further information might be found on the talk page or at requests for expansion.
This article has been tagged since March 2007.

India and Pakistan have remained rivals since the partition of India following colonial independence. Tensions over control of the Kashmir region, nuclear armament, and allegations of sponsorship of terrorist actions among the government of India and Pakistan have inevitably created tensions between the citizens of India and Pakistan. The rise of Hindu nationalism in India during the late 20th century has exacerbated this trend persecutions of indian muslims by radical hindu elements have also hindred the process of confidence building.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Pakistan will re-enter C’wealth soon, By Ayesha Javed Akram
  2. ^ http://www.hrsolidarity.net/mainfile.php/1998vol08no06/1437/
  3. ^ Pakistan signs peace deal with pro-Taliban militants, By Arthur Bright
  4. ^ Bangladesh-Pakistan Relations: The Dawn of a New Era, By Saswati Chanda and Alok Kumar Gupta
  5. ^ Pakistan's 'culture of Jihad',By Roger Hardy
  6. ^ The Baburnama Ed. & Trans. Wheeler M. Thackston (New York) 2002 p352
  7. ^ a b Kabul's New Strategy Focuses On Pakistan
  8. ^ India is Afghanistan's most cherished partner: Hekmat Karzai
  9. ^ [1]
  10. ^ To root out Taliban, Pakistan to expel 2.4 million Afghans
  11. ^ Resolving the Pakistan- Afghanistan Stalemate, By Barnett R. Rubin and Abubakar Siddique
  12. ^ a b Afghanistan
  13. ^ Timeline: Bangladesh
  14. ^ Brownmiller, Susan, "Against Our Will : Men, Women, and Rape" ISBN 0-449-90820-8, page 81
  15. ^ U.S. Consulate (Dacca) Cable, Sitrep: Army Terror Campaign Continues in Dacca; Evidence Military Faces Some Difficulties Elsewhere, March 31, 1971, Confidential, 3 pp
  16. ^ Sarmila Bose Anatomy of violence: An Analysis of Civil War in East Pakistan in 1971 later published in the Indian Journal, Economic and Political Weekly, issue October 8, 2005
  17. ^ In this website, we tried to collate information concerning this paper including Sarmila Bose’s original paper, relevant Bangla articles and rebuttals of Bose’s paper on the Drishtipat web site. Drishtipatis a non-profit, non-political expatriate Bangladeshi organization
  18. ^ Dr. Rashid Askari, "Our martyerd intellectuals", editorial, the Daily Star, December 14, 2005
  19. ^ http://www.gendercide.org/case_bangladesh.html Death By Government, p. 331

[edit] See also

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../a/n/t/Anti-Pakistani_sentiment_e52a.html"