António Nobre
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António Pereira Nobre (Porto 1867 - 1900) was a Portuguese poet. He died of tuberculosis in Foz do Douro, Porto in 1900, after trying to recover in Switzerland, Madeira and New York.
From his childhood, spent in Trás-os-Montes and in Póvoa de Varzim and which was followed by a long adolescence, he kept a nostalgic self-worship. It was a time of freedom, during which he was the prince of all praises and affections. His past poetry remembers that time with a spontaneous, and yet wise, delight, over the emptiness of an always aggressive and despised present. As a student, he only felt at ease in his “tower” in Coimbra, in the “sinister period” he spent studying Law at the University of Coimbra. A “fiancée”, more fictitious than concrete; a friend, this one real, Alberto de Oliveira, almost a slave to his fantastic and excessive humour; a brief intervention in the literary life, through some magazines, did not seem to conciliate him with the academic city where this “new creature”, the predestined poet flunked twice. He escaped to Paris where he took a degree in Political Sciences at the Sorbonne. There he contacted with the French coeval poetry - Paul Verlaine, Jean Moréas.
Loneliness, the lack of means aggravated by his father’s death, made him morbidly reject the present and the future, following a pessimistic romantic attitude that led him to denounce his tedium and his “phthisic soul”. However excessive, this is a controlled attitude, due to a clear aesthetic mind and a real sense of ridicule. He learned the colloquial tone from Garrett and Júlio Dinis, and also from Jules Laforgue, but he exceeded them all in the peculiar compromise between irony and a refined puerility, a fountain of happiness because it represents a return to his happiest of times - a kingdom of his own from where he resuscitates characters and enchanted places, manipulating, as a virtuoso of nostalgia, the picturesque of popular festivals and of fishermen, the simple magic of toponyms and the language of the people. We come upon two levels in the poetry whose form announces a new age: the grey Paris exile (“poor Lusitanian, the wretched”, lost in the crowd that does not know him). The aristocratic shutting up causes nausea or indifference. Frustrated and always marginal experiences make him bitter. He is far from the sweat and from all sorts of fraternity, from desire and hate, and from the wailing of the breed, a childlike, lost, instinctive and princely life, a souvenir of the sweet old landscape that memory seems to encourage. In his tender but never rhetorical mourning Nobre manifests himself and mourns over himself as a doomed poet, with a hard soul and a maiden’s heart, which carried the sponge of gall in former processions.
In his prescience of pain, in his spiritual anticipation of disease and of agony, in his taste for sadness, in his unmeasured pride of isolation, António (from Torre de Anto, at the centre of old Coimbra where the poet lived an enchanted life, everywhere writing his mythical and literary name: Anto) keeps an artist’s composure, always expressing the cult of the aesthetic life and of the elegant personality. In his courtship of death (to whose imminent threat he would later answer with dignity), he takes his spiritual dandyism to extremes, like in the “Balada do Caixão.” His poetry translates the lack of a total maturation, an adolescent “angelism” present in fabulous confirmations: he is “the moon”, “the saint”, “the snake”, “the sorcerer”, “the afflicted”, “the inspired”, “the unprecedented”, “the medium”, “the bizarre”, “the fool”, “the nauseated”, “the tortured”, “D. Enguiço”, “a supernatural poet.”
Narcissus in permanent soliloquy, whether he writes verses of nostalgia to Manuel or speaks to his own pipe - A. N. makes poetry out of the real, he covers what is prosaic with a soft mantle of legend (“My neighbour is a carpenter/he is a second-hand trader of Mrs. Death”) and creates, with a rare balance between intuition and critique, his familiar “fantastic” (“When the Moon, a beautiful milkmaid/goes deliver milk at the houses of Infinity”). His catholic imaginary world is the same as in a fairy tale, a crib of simple words but with an imaginative audacity in the scheming of those words that separate him from the consecrated lyrical language. His power of “invention” comes forth in the inspired, yet conscious, use of the verbal material (“Moons of Summer! Black moons of velvet!” or “The Abbey of my past”). Between the Garrettian and the symbolic aesthetic, the most personal and revealing feature of his vocabulary is naturally - even for his longing for the childhood aesthetical retrieval -, the diminutive. A man of sensibility rather than of reflection, he took from the French symbolism, whose mystery and deep sense he could never penetrate, the repelling of oratory and of formal procedures - the original imagery (“Trás-os-Montes of water”, “slaughter house of the planets”), the cult of synaesthesia, the rhythmic freedom, the musical research. A. N. had a very thick ear. All his poetry is rigorously written to be heard, full of parallelisms, of melodic repetitions, of onomatopoeias, extremely malleable. Its syllabic division depends on the rhythm that obeys to feeling. However, the images or the words of his sentences rarely have the precious touch of the symbolic jewellery. Evidently, in “Poentes de França”, the planets come drink in silver chalices in the “tavern of sunset”; however, his transfiguration of reality almost always obeys not to a purpose of sumptuous embellishment, like in Eugénio de Castro, but to an essentially affectionate eager desire of an intimism of things (“the skinny and hunchbacked poplars”, etc).
Other than Só (Paris, 1892) two other posthumous works were published: Despedidas (1st edition, 1902), with a fragment from O Desejado, and Primeiros Versos (1st edition, 1921). António Nobre’s correspondence is reunited in several volumes: Cartas Inéditas a A.N., with an introduction and notes by A. Casais Monteiro, Cartas e Bilhetes-Postais a Justino de Montalvão with a foreword and notes by Alberto de Serpa, Porto, 1956; Correspondência, with an introduction and notes by Guilherme de Castilho, Lisbon, 1967 (a compilation of 244 letters, 56 of which unpublished)
