Angraecum

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Angraecum
Angraecum eburneum var. longicalcar
Angraecum eburneum var. longicalcar
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Division: Magnoliophyta
Class: Liliopsida
Order: Asparagales
Family: Orchidaceae
Subfamily: Epidendroideae
Tribe: Vandaeae
Subtribe: Angraecinae
Alliance: Angraecum
Genus: Angraecum Bory, 1804
Species

About 220, see text

Angraecum Bory, 1804 contains about 220 species, some of the most magnificent of all orchids.

They belong to the subtribe Angraecinae and as such, do not possess pseudobulbs but have an ever growing monopodial stem or stems.

They are quite varied vegetatively and florally and are adapted to dry tropical woodland habitat and have quite fleshy leaves as a consequence. Most are epiphytes, but a few are lithophytes.

Angraecum scottianum
Angraecum scottianum

Tropical Africa and Madagascar contain the majority of the genus with outlying species in southeast Asia. But these orchids can also be found on the Comoros, the Seychelles, and the Mascarenes. They occur between sea level and 2,000 m in humid regions.

The long-lasting flowers are racemose and grow from the leaf axils. They are mostly white, but a few are yellow, green or ochre. They all have a long spur at the back of the labellum (lip).

In the case of Angraecum sesquipedale, a species from Madagascar, on observing the 30cm spur in the lip, Charles Darwin made the hypothesis that, since the nectar was at the bottom of the spur, a pollinator must exist with a tongue at least that long. Otherwise the orchid could never be pollinated. At the time, he was not believed. However, long after Darwin's death, the predicted pollinator was discovered, a hawk moth now named Xanthopan morganii praedicta (praedicta meaning "predicted"). It had an appropriately long proboscis. The specific name 'sesquipedale' means 'one foot and a half', referring to the length of the spur. This is a perfect example of mutual dependence of an orchid and a specific pollinator.



Well-known species are, for example:

  • Angraecum eburneum : lithophyte
  • Angraecum leonis : Lion's Moustache Orchid
  • Angraecum magdalenae : Queen of the Angraecums
  • Angraecum sesquipedale : Star of Bethlehem Orchid, Christmas Star Orchid, Comet Orchid, Rocket orchid


[edit] Species

Angraecum sesquipedale
Angraecum sesquipedale
  • Angraecum acutipetalum (Madagascar.)
  • Angraecum affine (WC. Trop. Africa to Uganda).
  • Angraecum alleizettei (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum aloifolium (NW. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum ambrense (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum amplexicaule (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum ampullaceum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum andasibeense (N. & C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum andringitranum (SE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum angustipetalum (W. & WC. Trop. Africa to Malawi).
  • Angraecum ankeranense (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum aporoides (Nigeria to WC. Trop. Africa).
Angraecum sesquipedale - by Diogo Correia
Angraecum sesquipedale - by Diogo Correia
  • Angraecum appendiculoides (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum astroarche (São Tomé).
  • Angraecum aviceps (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum bancoense (Ivory Coast, Cameroon).
  • Angraecum baronii (N. & C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum bemarivoense (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum bicallosum (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum birrimense (W. & WC. Trop. Africa).
  • Angraecum borbonicum (Réunion)
  • Angraecum brachyrhopalon (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum bracteosum (Réunion).
  • Angraecum breve (N. Madagascar).
Angraecum sesquipedale
Angraecum sesquipedale
  • Angraecum brevicornu (NE. Tanzania).
  • Angraecum cadetii (Mauritius, Réunion).
  • Angraecum calceolus (Mozambique to W. Indian Ocean).
  • Angraecum caricifolium (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum caulescens (Mascarenes, Madagascar)
  • Angraecum chaetopodum (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum chamaeanthus (Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, Mozambique, Zimbabwe)
  • Angraecum chermozoni (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum chimanimaniense (Zimbabwe).
  • Angraecum chloranthum (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum cilaosianum (Réunion)..
  • Angraecum claessensii (W. Trop. Africa to Congo).
  • Angraecum clareae (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum clavigerum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum compactum (Madagascar.
  • Angraecum compressicaule (C. Madagascar.
  • Angraecum conchiferum (Kenya to S. Africa).
  • Angraecum cordemoyi (Réunion).
  • Angraecum coriaceum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum cornigerum (Réunion).
  • Angraecum cornucopiae (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum corynoceras (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum costatum (Mascarenes)..
  • Angraecum coutrixii (SE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum crassifolium (Réunion).
  • Angraecum crassum (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum cribbianum (Gabon.
  • Angraecum cucullatum (Réunion).
  • Angraecum cultriforme (Kenya to NE. KwaZulu-Natal).
  • Angraecum curvicalcar (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum curvicaule (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum curvipes (Cameroon).
  • Angraecum danguyanum (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum dasycarpum (E. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum dauphinense (SW. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum decaryanum (SW. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum decipiens (Kenya to N. Tanzania).
  • Angraecum dendrobiopsis (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum didieri (Madagascar).
    Angraecum didieri
    Angraecum didieri
  • Angraecum distichum (W. Trop. Africa to Angola and Uganda).
  • Angraecum dives (Socotra, SW. Somalia to Tanzania).
  • Angraecum dollii (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum doratophyllum (São Tomé, Príncipe).
  • Angraecum drouhardii (N. Madagascarà.
  • Angraecum dryadum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum eburneum (SE. Kenya to E. Tanzania (incl. Pemba, Zanzibar), W. Indian Ocean).
    • Angraecum eburneum subsp. eburneum (W. Indian Ocean). Lithophytic.
    • Angraecum eburneum subsp. giryamae (SE. Kenya to E. Tanzania (incl. Pemba, Zanzibar). Lithophytic.
    • Angraecum eburneum var. longicalcar
    • Angraecum eburneum subsp. superbum (Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar). Lithophytic
    • Angraecum eburneum subsp. xerophilum (SW. Madagascar. Lithophytic.
  • Angraecum egertonii (S. Nigeria to Gabon).
  • Angraecum eichlerianum (Nigeria to Angola).
    • Angraecum eichlerianum var. curvicalcaratum (Cameroon). Epiphytic.
    • Angraecum eichlerianum var. eichlerianum (Nigeria to Angola) Epiphytic.
  • Angraecum elephantinum (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum elliotii (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum equitans (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum erectum (E. Trop. Africa to Zambia).
  • Angraecum expansum (Réunion).
    • Angraecum expansum subsp. expansum (Réunion). Epiphytic.
    • Angraecum expansum subsp. inflatum (Réunion). Epiphytic.
  • Angraecum falcifolium (SE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum ferkoanum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum filicornu (Mascarenes, Madagascar).
  • Angraecum firthii (Cameroon, Uganda, Kenya).
  • Angraecum flavidum (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum floribundum (C. Madagascar.
  • Angraecum florulentum (Comoros)
  • Angraecum gabonense (WC. Trop. Africa).
  • Angraecum geniculatum (W. Zambia).
  • Angraecum germinyanum (Mascarenes, Comoros, Madagascar).
  • Angraecum guillauminii (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum hermannii (Réunion).
  • Angraecum humbertii (SW. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum humblotianum (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum humile (Rwanda to Zimbabwe).
  • Angraecum huntleyoides (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum imerinense (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum implicatum (Réunion, Madagascar).
  • Angraecum inapertum (Mascarenes, Madagascar).
  • Angraecum infundibulare (Nigeria to E. Trop. Africa).
  • Angraecum keniae (Kenya).
  • Angraecum kranzlinianum (N. & NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum laggiarae (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum lecomtei (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum leonis (Comoros, Madagascar).
  • Angraecum letouzeyi (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum liliodorum (Réunion).
  • Angraecum linearifolium (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum lisowskianum (Nigeria to Equatorial Guinea).
  • Angraecum litorale (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum longicaule (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum longinode (Réunion).
  • Angraecum macilentum (Réunion).
  • Angraecum madagascariense (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum magdalenae (Madagascar).
    • Angraecum magdalenae var. latiilabellum (N. Madagascar). Epiphytic.
    • Angraecum magdalenae var. magdalenae (C. Madagascar). Epiphytic.
  • Angraecum mahavavense (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum mauritianum (Mascarenes, Madagascar).
  • Angraecum meirax (Comoros, Madagascar).
  • Angraecum melanostictum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum metallicum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum microcharis (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum minus (Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe).
  • Angraecum minutum (Réunion).
  • Angraecum mirabile NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum moandense (W. Trop. Africa to Uganda).
  • Angraecum modicum (Liberia).
  • Angraecum mofakoko (Congo).
  • Angraecum moratii (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum multiflorum (W. Indian Ocean).
  • Angraecum multinominatum (W. Trop. Africa to Gabon).
  • Angraecum muscicolum (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum musculiferum (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum myrianthum (SW. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum nanum (Mascarenes).
  • Angraecum nasutum (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum oberonia (Mascarenes).
  • Angraecum obesum (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum oblongifolium (SE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum obversifolium (Mascarenes).
  • Angraecum ochraceum (SE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum onivense (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum palmicolum (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum palmiforme (Mascarenes).
  • Angraecum panicifolium (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum parvulum (Mascarenes).
  • Angraecum pauciramosum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum pectinatum (Mascarenes, Comoros, Madagascar).
  • Angraecum penzigianum (SE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum pergracile (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum perhumile (C. Madagascar.
  • Angraecum perparvulum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum petterssonianum (W. Rwanda).
  • Angraecum peyrotii (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum pingue (Mascarenes).
  • Angraecum pinifolium (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum platycornu (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum podochiloides (W. & WC. Trop. Africa).
  • Angraecum popowii (Madagascar)..
  • Angraecum potamophilum (NW. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum praestans (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum protensum (SE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum pseudodidieri (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum pseudopetiolatum (Réunion).
  • Angraecum pseuofilicornu (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum pterophyllum (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum pumilio (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum pungens (Nigeria to WC. Trop. Africa).
  • Angraecum pusillum (E. Zimbabwe to S. Africa).
  • Angraecum pyriforme (W. Trop. Africa).
  • Angraecum ramosum (Mascarenes).
  • Angraecum ramulicolum (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum reygaertii (Cameroon to Uganda).
  • Angraecum rhizanthium (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum rhizomaniacum (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum rhynchoglossum (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum rigidifolium (C. Madagascar.
  • Angraecum rostratum (SE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum rubellum (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum rutenbergianum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum sacciferum (São Tomé to Kenya and S. Africa).
  • Angraecum sacculatum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum salazianum (Réunion).
  • Angraecum sambiranoense (N. & C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum sanfordii (Cameroon).
  • Angraecum scalariforme (N. Madagascar, Comoros).
  • Angraecum scottianum : (Comoros)
  • Angraecum sedifolium (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum serpens (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum sesquipedale (E. & S. Madagascar).
    • Angraecum sesquipedale var. angustifolium (SW. Madagascar). Epiphytic.
    • Angraecum sesquipedale var. sesquipedale (E. & S. Madagascar). Epiphytic.
  • Angraecum sesquisectangulum (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum setipes (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum sinuatiflorum (SE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum sororium (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum spectabile (NW. Tanzania).
  • Angraecum spicatum (Réunion).
  • Angraecum stella-africae (Malawi to Transvaal).
  • Angraecum sterrophyllum (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum stolzii (Tanzania to Zambia).
  • Angraecum striatum (Réunion).
  • Angraecum subulatum (W. & WC. Trop. Africa).
  • Angraecum tamarindicolum
  • Angraecum tenellum (Réunion, Madagascar).
  • Angraecum tenuifolium (Réunion).
  • Angraecum tenuipes (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum tenuispica (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum teres (Tanzania ).
  • Angraecum teretifolium (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum triangulifolium (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum trichoplectron (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum triquetrum (Mascarenes).
  • Angraecum umbrosum (Malawi).
  • Angraecum undulatum (Mascarenes).
  • Angraecum urschianum (NE. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum verecundum (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum vesiculatum (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum vesiculiferum (C. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum viguieri (Madagascar).
  • Angraecum viride (Tanzania).
  • Angraecum viridiflorum (Réunion).
  • Angraecum xylopus (Comoros).
  • Angraecum yuccifolium (Mauritius).
  • Angraecum zaratananae (N. Madagascar).
  • Angraecum zeylanicum (Seychelles (Mahe), Sri Lanka).
Wikimedia Commons has media related to:

[edit] Hybrids

  • Angraecum 'Lemforde White Beauty' (sesquipedale x magdalenae).

Angraecum Veitchii ('white star') (sesquipedale x eburneum).



Growing Angraecums:

Much like all other orchids, no need for special care or attention. Like all other orchids best to water in the mornings as to avoid fungal rot due to overnight dampness. Feeding as per other orchids and similar light conditions: in humid and hot regions (sub tropical) feed fortnightly during growing season (Summer) with a certified orchid fertiliser following directions on packet, weaker solutions are also okay if you're worried. In summer water weekly or more depending on situation. Angraecums flower best when in a lighter position. NOT FULL SUN - KEEP OUT OF DIRECT SUNLIGHT as this can damage (and eventually kill) your plant. Most Angraecums will have their leaves for a number of years so any sun burn spots are ugly for a significant period and also may expose your plant to disease. In indirect sunlight your Angraecums will reward you with blooms and attractive growth.

Angraecum Veitchii: HIGHLY RECOMMENDED - a very rewarding orchid. In indirect light and watered/fed regularly this plant will produce blooms annually (usually in Late Winter to Spring - for Australia this occurs in August - excellent for those wanting to show their plants at Brisbane's Ekka! You will notice a few lovely specimens there in the Gardening Exhibits). The flowers last a while if kept in a sheltered position and their strong heady fragrance is delightful. They only release their perfume at night. Flowers are large (4 - 9 cm across), waxy, white to greenish cream in colour and borne on stems of seven to ten depending on the faithfulness of your fertilising, watering, and indirect light provision. The leaves are large, thick straps that alternately fan out from a central (monopodal) stem. Pups (keikis) form at the base of the stem and can either be divided from the parent plant once they have at least three roots of their own or alternatively, left on the plant these will make a stunning specimen as when mature will produce blooms with the parent plant - many award winning angraecum veitchiis are grown as such. In the right conditions these orchids are healthy and require little attention. As they are epiphites the potting mixture should be loose and free draining. Prolific roots are formed from the base and also amongst the lower half of the foliage. These are attracrtive although somewhat troublesome when moving plants to and from shows. Once your angraecum is big it is best to pot it in a heavy terracotta pot or place a brick in the bottom of the pot in order to ensure your beuaty does not get top heavy and risk snapping when blown over in the wind (especially since they flower durting the windier times of the year, this can be very sad). When watering a good soaking with a hose or watering-can is best (not just a misting from a spray gun) as this helps to flush away any salts from fertilisers that may be present in the potting mixture and also thouroughly wets the plant. Make sure the roots halfway up the stem get a soaking too, not just the potted roots. This is a great orchid and will give you years of pleasure. They're slow growing and require little attention. Very hard to kill.

http://www.orchids.mu/Species/Angraecum/Images/Angraecum_veitchii.jpg http://research.kahaku.go.jp/database/tukuba_ran/angr.gif

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