Alum Rock Park
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Alum Rock Park, founded in 1872, was the first municipal park in the U.S. state of California. Located in a canyon in the Diablo Range foothills on the east side of San Jose, the 720 acre (2.9 km²) park offers 13 miles (21 km) of trails, varying from fairly level along Penitencia Creek to sharp switchbacks climbing to the ridges to the South Rim Trail and the North Rim Trail. The narrow floor of the canyon includes a visitor center, picnic areas, a playground, and sand volleyball pits.
The ridge trails offer superb views of Santa Clara Valley, also known as Silicon Valley, and of the canyon in which the park is located. Trails in the park also connect to the Bay Area Ridge Trail and the Boccardo Trail, which leads into part of the Santa Clara County Open Space Authority's property.
Equestrians and mountain bikers have access to some of the park's trails, while others are reserved for hikers only. High school cross-country meets from schools around the area (such as Independence High School or Andrew Hill High School) are held at the park often.
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[edit] Environment
The steep sides of the canyon demonstrate the diversity of vegetation native to California. The south-facing slopes primarily consist of grasses, Poison Oak, sagebrush, and occasional live oak trees. The warm sun on the sagebrush lends a sweet smell to the air not found in the suburban Santa Clara Valley.
The north-facing slopes are dominated by trees, including Coast live oak, California bay laurel, madrone, and California buckeye. On the canyon floor, in the moist areas along Penitencia Creek, bigleaf maple, white alder, and Western Sycamore provide ample shade for the abundant ferns.
Several larger varieties of birds frequent the park, including the Red-tailed Hawk, Turkey Vulture, Wild Turkeys, Great Egrets, and California Quail. Larger wildlife includes Black-tailed Deer, bobcats, and an occasional mountain lion. There has been an increase in the Mountain lion population in the San Francisco Bay Area and one should know how to respond to these animals if encountered. Please see the mountain lion safety tips in the Mountain Lion article.
[edit] History
Alum Rock Park was originally known simply as "the reservation"; it received its current name around the turn of the 20th century when people mistook the white powdery appearance of a large rock near its entrance to mean that it contained alum.
The canyon has abundant mineral springs, which were touted as beneficial to people's health. In the late 1800s and through the 1930s, the park was famed throughout the country as a health resort. Through those years and as late as the 1970s, the park featured a natatorium (a huge, heated indoor swimming pool), dozens of private heated mineral baths that visitors could rent, a restaurant, and various other buildings. Many of the springs were enclosed in stonework grottos, and stone bridges were built across the creek. An electric railroad brought people from San Jose into the park.
By the 1960s, the park attracted so many visitors from the rapidly growing Santa Clara Valley that its facilities became overburdened and the natural scenery was damaged. In the 1970s, the park removed most of the buildings, closed off parts of the park, and began emphasizing the park's natural attractions rather than its man-made ones. Much of the attractive stonework remains, however, as do old support structures for the railroad.
Due to overuse, some of the springs became extinct, and surviving ones became very weak, producing very little output.
Penitencia Creek had a different name until the early 1900s; somehow it began to be called by the name of a different creek located to the north of Alum Rock Canyon, which was so-named because monks (possibly from Mission San Jose) would meditate by its waters.
El Niño winter storms caused a landslide that resulted in the closure of the original Alum Rock Avenue entrance in the autumn of 2000; access is currently available only from Penitencia Creek Road.
[edit] Nearby facilities
[edit] External links
[edit] Reference
Information from the San Jose Regional Parks brochure for Alum Rock Park, Rev. 6/02, and from informational signs throughout the park.
