Altiero Spinelli
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Altiero Spinelli (August 31, 1907—May 23, 1986) was an Italian citizen and advocate of European federalism; sometimes referred to as one of the "godfathers of European Union" due to his strong influence on the first few decades of post-World War II European integration. By the time of his death, he had been an Member of the European Parliament for ten years and had remained prominent on the European political scene through the Crocodile Club, which he co-founded.
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[edit] Early life
Spinelli was born in Rome, and joined the Italian Communist Party (PCI) at an early age. Following his entry into radical journalism and the rise of Benito Mussolini's National Fascist Party, he was arrested in 1927 and spent ten years in prison and a further six in confinement. During the war he was interned on the island of Ventotene (in the Gulf of Gaeta) along with some eight hundred political opponents of the regime.
[edit] Ventotene Manifesto
In June 1941, Spinelli and a small group of fellow prisoners completed the Ventotene Manifesto, a document in support of a new European federalist movement. Because of a need for secrecy and a lack of proper materials at the time, the Manifesto was written on cigarette papers and concealed in the false bottom of a tin box. It was then circulated through the Italian Resistance, and was later adopted as the programme of the Movimento Federalista Europeo, which Spinelli founded in August 1943. The Manifesto has since been published in Italian and a number of other languages.
The Manifesto puts forward proposals for creating a European federation of states, the primary aim of which was to tie European countries so closely together that they would no longer be able to go to war with one another. As in many European left-wing political circles, this sort of move towards federalist ideas was argued as a reaction to the destructive excesses of nationalism. The ideological underpinnings for a united Europe can thus be traced to the hostility of nationalism.
[edit] European politician
Early in the life of the European Community, Spinelli became an Italian representative on the European Commission from 1970 to 1976, taking responsibility for industrial policy. Spinelli was frustrated by France when it opposed plans to create a European Defence Community, which he had supported and contributed towards.
Towards the end of his life, he became one of the main proponents behind the Single European Act. Spinelli exerted strong parliamentary pressure of pro-integration MEPs, the Crocodile Club (which he co-founded), and his personal influence.
In 1993, one of the buildings of the European Parliament in Brussels was dedicated the Altiero Spinelli Building in honour of his lifetime of work toward building the European community (it commonly abbreviated as the ASP building).
