Alexander Lüders
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Count Alexander Lüders (Russian: Александр Николаевич Лидерс) (1790-1874) was a Russian general and Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland [1].
Alexander Lüders was born to a German noble family that moved to Russia in the middle of the 18th century. His father, Major General Nikolay Ivanovich Lüders (1762-1823) was the commander of Bryansk regiment during the Napoleonic Wars [2].
Alexander Lüders also participated in the Napoleonic Wars been heavily wounded in the Battle of Kulm (1813). [1]He was distinguished during the Russo-Turkish War (1828–1829)[1]. Member of the Russian army during the November Uprising, he participated in the battle of Warsaw in 1831, leading the troops that captured Wola[1].
In 1837 he became the commander of the 5th Infantry Corps of Russian Army[1].In 1843 he and his Corps took part in quelling another uprising against the Russian Empire, that of Imam Shamil during the Caucasian War[1]. In 1848 he commanded Russian troops in Moldova and Walachia. In 1849 he commanded the 5th Corps sent to aid Austria during the Hungary Uprising of 1848[1]. In 1849 he defeated Polish-Hungarian forces under general Józef Bem at the Battle of Segesvár. During the Crimean War (1854–1856) he commanded the Army South operating in the middle Danube region[1].
From November 1861 to June 1862 he held the position of Namestnik of the Kingdom of Poland[1]; he is remembered as a brutal overseer, persecuting Poles and Catholic Church. His activities contributed to the rising tensions that culminated in the January Uprising (1863), however Alexander has already been wounded in 1862 during an assassination attempt by Ukrainian officer Andrij Potebnia (who acted to take revenge for his comrades, Ukrainian revolutionaries, captured and tortured by Alexander) and returned to St. Petersburg before the uprising, to become one of the members of State Council of Imperial Russia[1]. After promotion to the State Council the family of Lüders got the count title. Since Alexander did not have sons the title Count Lüders was given to the husband of Alexander's daughter, Alexander Weimarn and their offspring [3].
