Akhal Treaty
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Akhal Treaty was a treaty signed by Persia and Imperial Russia on 21 September 1881. The treaty marked Iran's official recognition of Khwarazm's annexation by the powerful Russian Empire.
After Persia had been considerably weakened by its defeat in 1860, and with the increasing occupation of Great Britain in Egypt, during the years of 1873 to 1881, Imperial Russia stepped up its campaign to wrest full control over the Central Asian region from Persian dominance. Hence forces led by Generals Mikhail Skobelev, Ivan Lazarev, and Konstantin Kaufman spearheaded the campaign, with Persia unable to react.
The immobilized Nasereddin Shah sent foreign secretary Mirza Sa'eed Khan Mo'tamen ol-Mulk to meet Ivan Zinoviev and sign a treaty in Tehran.
By virtue of this treaty, Persia would henceforth cease any claim to all parts of "Turkestan" and Transoxiania, setting Atrak river as the new boundary.
Hence Merv, Sarakhs, Eshgh Abad, and the surrounding areas were transferred to Russian control under the command of General Alexander Komarov in 1884.
[edit] References
- Mahdavi, H. A. Tarikh-i Ravābit-i Khareji -e Iran. 1985. p286-287
- Nasser Takmil Homayoun, Kharazm: What do I know about Iran?. 2004. ISBN 964-379-023-1, p. 85-87
