AISI steel grades

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

You have new messages (last change).
Iron alloy phases

Austenite (γ-iron; hard)
Bainite
Martensite
Cementite (iron carbide; Fe3C)
Ledeburite (ferrite - cementite eutectic, 4.3% carbon)
Ferrite (α-iron; soft)
Pearlite (88% ferrite, 12% cementite)
Spheroidite
Types of Steel

Plain-carbon steel (up to 2.1% carbon)
Stainless steel (alloy with chromium)
HSLA steel (high strength low alloy)
Tool steel (very hard; heat-treated)
Other Iron-based materials

Cast iron (>2.1% carbon)
Wrought iron (almost no carbon)
Ductile iron

The American Iron and Steel Institute standardizes numbered AISI steel grades, including the following:

Contents

[edit] Carbon Steel and Low Alloy Steel

Carbon steels and low alloy steels are designated by a four digit number, where the first two digits indicate the alloying elements and the last two digits indicate the amount of carbon, in hundreths of a percent by weight.

AISI Carbon and Alloy Steel Designations[1]
AISI Designation Type of Steel
Carbon Steels
10xx Plain Carbon (Mn 1.00% max)
11xx Resulferized
12xx Resulferized and Rephosphorized
15xx Plain Carbon (Mn 1.00% to 1.65%)
Manganese Steels
13xx Mn 1.75%
Nickel Steels
23xx Ni 3.50%
25xx Ni 5.00%
Nickel-Chromium Steels
31xx Ni 1.25%, Cr 0.65% or 0.80%
32xx Ni 1.25%, Cr 1.07%
33xx Ni 3.50%, Cr 1.50% or 1.57%
34xx Ni 3.00%, Cr 0.77%
Molybdenum Steels
40xx Mo 0.20% or 0.25%
44xx Mo 0.40% or 0.52%
Chromium-Molybdenum (Chromoly) Steels
41xx Cr 0.50% or 0.80% or 0.95%, Mo 0.12% or 0.20% or 0.25% or 0.30%
Nickel-Chromium-Molybdenum Steels
43xx Ni 1.82%, Cr 0.50% or 0.80%, Mo 0.25%
43BVxx Ni 1.82%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.12% or 0.35%, V 0.03% min
47xx Ni 1.05%, Cr 0.45%, Mo 0.20% or 0.35%
81xx Ni 0.30%, Cr 0.40%, Mo 0.12%
86xx Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.20%
87xx Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.25%
88xx Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.50%, Mo 0.35%
93xx Ni 3.25%, Cr 1.20%, Mo 0.12%
94xx Ni 0.45%, Cr 0.40%, Mo 0.12%
97xx Ni 0.55%, Cr 0.20%, Mo 0.20%
98xx Ni 1.00%, Cr 0.80%, Mo 0.25%
Nickel-Molybdenum Steels
46xx Ni 0.85% or 1.82%, Mo 0.20% or 0.25%
48xx Ni 3.50%, Mo 0.25%
Chromium Steels
50xx Cr 0.27% or 0.40% or 0.50% or 0.65%
51xx Cr 0.80% or 0.87% or 0.92% or 1.00% or 1.05%
50xxx Cr 0.50%, C 1.00% min
51xxx Cr 1.02%, C 1.00% min
52xxx Cr 1.45%, C 1.00% min
Chromium-Vanadium Steels
61xx Cr 0.60% or 0.80% or 0.95%, V 0.10% or 0.15% min
Tungsten-Chromium Steels
72xx W 1.75%, Cr 0.75%
Silicon-Manganese Steels
92xx Si 1.40% or 2.00%, Mn 0.65% or 0.82% or 0.85%, Cr 0.00% or 0.65%
High-Strength Low-Alloy Steels
9xx Various SAE grades
xxBxx Boron steels
xxLxx Leaded steels

[edit] Stainless steel

  • 200 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel-manganese alloys
  • 300 Series—austenitic chromium-nickel alloys
    • Type 301—highly ductile, for formed products. Also hardens rapidly during mechanical working.
    • Type 303—Free machining version of 304 via addition of sulfur
    • Type 304—the most common; the classic 18/8 stainless steel.
    • Type 316—the next most common; for food and surgical stainless steel uses; Alloy addition of molybdenum prevents specific forms of corrosion. 316 steel is more resistant to corrosion than 18-8 stainless steels. 316 steel is used in the handling of certain food and pharmaceutical products where it is often required in order to minimize metallic contamination. 316 steel is also known as "marine grade" stainless steel due to its increased ability to resist saltwater corrosion compared to type 304. SS316 is often used for building nuclear reprocessing plants.
  • 400 Series—ferritic and martensitic chromium alloys
    • Type 408—heat-resistant; poor corrosion resistance; 11% chromium, 8% nickel.
    • Type 409—cheapest type; used for automobile exhausts; ferritic (iron/chromium only).
    • Type 410—martensitic (high-strength iron/chromium).
    • Type 416
    • Type 420—"Cutlery Grade" martensitic; similar to the Brearley's original "rustless steel". Also known as "surgical steel".
    • Type 430—decorative, e.g., for automotive trim; ferritic.
    • Type 440—a higher grade of cutlery steel, with more carbon in it, which allows for much better edge retention when the steel is heat treated properly.
  • 500 Series—heat resisting chromium alloys
  • 600 Series—martensitic precipitation hardening alloys
    • Type 630—most common PH stainless, better known as 17-4; 17% chromium, 4% nickel
AISI Carbon and Alloy Steel Designations[2]
AISI Type (UNS Designation) Typical Composition [%]
Austenitic
201 (S20100) 16-18 Cr, 3.5-5.5 Ni, 0.15 C, 5.5-7.5 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.060 P, 0.030 S, 0.25 N
202 (S20200) 17-19 Cr, 4-6 Ni, 0.15 C, 7.5-10.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.060 P, 0.030 S, 0.25 N
205 (S20500) 16.5-18 Cr, 1-1.75 Ni, 0.12-0.25 C, 14-15.5 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.060 P, 0.030 S, 0.32-0.40 N
301 (S30100) 16-18 Cr, 6-8 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
302 (S30200) 17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10 N
302B (S30215) 17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 2.0-3.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
303 (S30300) 17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.20 P, 0.015 S min, 0.60 Mo (optional)
303Se (S30323) 17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.15 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.20 P, 0.060 S, 0.15 Se min
304 (S30400) 18-20 Cr, 8-10.50 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10 N
304L (S30403) 18-20 Cr, 8-12 Ni, 0.03 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10 N
304 Cu (S30430) 17-19 Cr, 8-10 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 3-4 Cu
304N (S30451) 18-20 Cr, 8-10.50 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.10-0.16 N
305 (S30500) 17-19 Cr, 10.50-13 Ni, 0.12 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
308 (S30800) 19-21 Cr, 10-12 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
309 (S30900) 22-24 Cr, 12-15 Ni, 0.20 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
309S (S30908) 22-24 Cr, 12-15 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
310 (S31000) 24-26 Cr, 19-22 Ni, 0.25 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.5 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
310S (S31008) 24-26 Cr, 19-22 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.5 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
314 (S31400) 23-26 Cr, 19-22 Ni, 0.25 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.5-3.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
316 (S31600) 16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 2.0-3.0 Mo, 0.10 N
316L (S31603) 16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.03 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 2.0-3.0 Mo, 0.10 N
316F (S31620) 16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.20 P, 0.10 S min, 1.75-2.50 Mo
316N (S31651) 16-18 Cr, 10-14 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 2-3 Mo, 0.10-0.16 N
317 (S31700) 18-20 Cr, 11-15 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 3.0-4.0 Mo, 0.10 N max
321 (S32100) 17-19 Cr, 9-12 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, [Ti, 5(C + N) min, 0.70 max], 0.10 N max
329 (S32900) 23-28 Cr, 2.5-5 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 1-2 Mo
330 (N08330) 17-20 Cr, 34-37 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75-1.50 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S
347 (S34700) 17-19 Cr, 9-13 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S (Nb + Ta, 10 x C min, 1 max)
348 (S34800) 17-19 Cr, 9-13 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 0.75 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S (Nb + Ta, 10 x C min, 1 max, but 0.10 Ta max), 0.20 Ca
384 (S38400) 15-17 Cr, 17-19 Ni, 0.08 C, 2.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S
Ferritic
405 (S40500) 11.5-14.5 Cr, 0.08 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.1-0.3 Al, 0.60 max
409 (S40900) 10.5-11.75 Cr, 0.08 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.045 P, 0.030 S, 0.05 Ni (Ti 6 x C, but 0.75 max)
429 (S42900) 14-16 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Ni
430 (S43000) 16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Ni
430F (S43020) 16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.15 S min, 0.60 Mo optional
430FSe (S43023) 16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.060 S, 0.15 Se min
434 (S43400) 16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75-1.25 Mo
436 (S43600) 16-18 Cr, 0.12 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75-1.25 Mo (Nb + Ta 5 x C min, 0.70 max)
442 (S44200) 18-23 Cr, 0.20 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S
446 (S44600) 23-27 Cr, 0.20 C, 1.5 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.25 Ni
Martensitic
403 (S40300) 11.5-13.0 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.0 Mn, 0.5 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.060 Ni
410 (S41000) 11.5-13.5 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Ni
414 (S41400) 11.5-13.5 Cr, 1.25-2.50 Ni, 0.15 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S
416 (S41600) 12-14 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.15 S min, 0.060 Mo optional
416Se (S41623) 12-14 Cr, 0.15 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.060 S, 0.15 Se min
420 (S42000) 12-14 Cr, 0.15 C min, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S
420F (S42020) 12-14 Cr, over 0.15 C, 1.25 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.060 P, 0.15 S min, 0.60 Mo max (optional)
422 (S42200) 11-12.50 Cr, 0.50-1.0 Ni, 0.20-0.25 C, 0.5-1.0 Mn, 0.5 Si, 0.025 P, 0.025 S, 0.90-1.25 Mo, 0.20-0.30 V, 0.90-1.25 W
431 (S43100) 15-17 Cr, 1.25-2.50 Ni, 0.20 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S
440A (S44002) 16-18 Cr, 0.60-0.75 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Mo
440B (S44003) 16-18 Cr, 0.75-0.95 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Mo
440C (S44004) 16-18 Cr, 0.95-1.20 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.75 Mo
Heat Resisting
501 (S50100) 4-6 Cr, 0.10 C min, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.40-0.65 Mo
502 (S50200) 4-6 Cr, 0.10 C, 1.0 Mn, 1.0 Si, 0.040 P, 0.030 S, 0.40-0.65 Mo

[edit] Other steels

The standards organization ASTM International produces standards for structural steel used in the construction industry. Those steel alloys have designations which start with A, for example A36, A588, or A514.

[edit] References

  1. ^ Erik Oberg, et. al., "Machinery's Handbook," 25th ed., Industrial Press Inc., 1996, p. 406.
  2. ^ Erik Oberg, et. al., "Machinery's Handbook," 25th ed., Industrial Press Inc., 1996, pp. 411-412.

[edit] See also

Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org../../../a/i/s/AISI_steel_grades_6d3f.html"