Air Force Cross (United States)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
| Air Force Cross | |
|---|---|
 |
|
| Awarded by United States Air Force | |
| Type | Medal |
| Awarded for | "[E]xtraordinary heroism, not justifying the award of a Medal of Honor" |
| Status | Currently awarded |
| Statistics | |
| First awarded | 1962 |
| Last awarded | Currently awarded |
| Precedence | |
| Next (higher) | Medal of Honor |
| Same | Army - Distinguished Service Cross Navy - Navy Cross Air Force - Air Force Cross |
| Next (lower) | Distinguished Service Medals: Defense, Army, Navy, Air Force, Coast Guard |
The Air Force Cross is the second highest military decoration that can be awarded to a member of the United States Air Force. The Air Force Cross is the Air Force decoration equivalent to the Distinguished Service Cross (Army) and the Navy Cross (Navy and Marine Corps).
The Air Force Cross is awarded for extraordinary heroism not justifying the award of the Medal of Honor. It may be awarded to any person who, while serving in any capacity with the U.S Air Force, distinguishes him or herself by extraordinary heroism involving one of the following actions:
- In action against an enemy of the United States
- While engaged in military operations involving conflict with an opposing foreign force
- While serving with friendly foreign forces engaged in an armed conflict against an opposing armed force in which the United States is not a belligerent party
Originally entitled the "Distinguished Service Cross (Air Force)", the Air Force Cross was first proposed in 1947 after the creation of the United States Air Force as a separate armed service. In July 1960, the name of the decoration was officially changed to the Air Force Cross. The first award of the Air Force Cross was the posthumously made to Major Rudolph Anderson for extraordinary heroism during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
Additional awards of the Air Force Cross are annotated by oak leaf clusters, and the reverse of every Air Force Cross is engraved with the recipient's name.
[edit] Awards
As of December 2006, there have been 191 awards of the Air Force Cross. One award, the first made, was for actions in the Cuban Missile Crisis. Two were retroactively awarded for actions in World War II. 179 were awarded for heroism in the Vietnam War.[1] Four were awarded for heroism during the 1975 Mayagüez Incident. Two were awarded for the 1991 Gulf War. One was awarded for the 1993 Battle of Mogadishu in Somalia. Two were awarded for heroism during Operation Anaconda in Afghanistan in 2002.
[edit] Notable recipients
- Major Rudolph Anderson - First recipient, posthumously awarded for valor during the Cuban Missile Crisis.
- Senior Airman Jason D. Cunningham - Pararescueman killed in action in Afghanistan in 2002.
- Technical Sergeant John D. Chapman - Combat controller killed in action in Afghanistan in 2002.
- Colonel George E. "Bud" Day - Medal of Honor recipient and Vietnam War POW.
- Colonel John A. Dramesi - Vietnam War fighter pilot and POW who received two awards of the Air Force Cross.
- Chief Master Sergeant Richard Loy Etchberger - killed in ground operations saving the lives of several other airmen during the Battle of Lima Site 85.
- Airman 2nd Class Duane D. Hackney - Pararescueman decorated for valor in Vietnam.
- Lt. Colonel James H. Kasler - Vietnam War fighter pilot and POW who received three awards of the Air Force Cross.
- Captain Leland T. Kennedy - Search and rescue helicopter pilot in the Vietnam War twice decorated with the Air Force Cross.
- Sergeant Larry W. Maysey - Pararescueman posthumously decorated for valor in Vietnam.
- Colonel Robin Olds - World War II and Vietnam War fighter pilot.
- Colonel Ralph S. Parr - Fighter pilot in Vietnam who had previously earned the Distinguished Service Cross in the Korean War.
- Airman First Class (A1C) William H. Pitsenbarger - Pararescueman and the first enlisted recipient. Award later upgraded to Medal of Honor.
- 1st Lieutenant Karl W. Richter - Fighter pilot killed in action in Vietnam.
- Lt. Colonel James Robinson Risner - Vietnam War fighter pilot and POW who received two awards of the Air Force Cross.
- Captain R. Stephen Ritchie - only USAF pilot ace of the Vietnam War
- Technical Sergeant Timothy A. Wilkinson - Pararescueman, for heroism in the Battle of Mogadishu in 1993.
