Agriculture in Brazil
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Brazil is endowed with vast agricultural resources. There are two distinct agricultural areas. The first, comprised of the southern one-half to two-thirds of the country, has a semi-temperate climate and higher rainfall, the better soils, higher technology and input use, adequate infrastructure, and more experienced farmers. It produces most of Brazil's grains and oil seeds and export crops. The other, located in the drought-ridden northeast region and in the Amazon basin, lacks well-distributed rainfall, good soil, adequate infrastructure, and sufficient development capital. Although mostly occupied by subsistence farmers, the latter regions are increasingly important as exporters of forest products, cocoa, and tropical fruits. Central Brazil contains substantial areas of grassland with only scattered trees. The Brazilian grasslands are less fertile than those of North America and are generally more suited for grazing.
The history of agriculture in Brazil in the colonial period and beyond is intertwined with the history of slavery in Brazil. Since the abolition of slavery in 1888 by the Lei Áurea ("Golden Law"), the practice of forced labour (trablho escravo) has remained commonplace in agriculture. [1][2]
During the dictatorship period, agriculture was neglected and exploited as a means of resources for the industry sector and cheap food for the urban population. Until late 1980s export and prices were controlled, with quotas on exports. This has changed since the early 1990s.
Brazilian agriculture is well diversified, and the country is largely self-sufficient in food. Agriculture accounts for 8% of the country's GDP, and employs about one-quarter of the labor force in more than 6 million agricultural enterprises. Brazil is the world's largest producer of sugarcane and coffee, and a net exporter of cocoa, soybeans, orange juice, tobacco, forest products, and other tropical fruits and nuts. Livestock production is important in many parts of the country, with rapid growth in the poultry, pork, and milk industries reflecting changes in consumer tastes. On a value basis, production is 60% field crop and 40% livestock. Brazil is a net exporter of agricultural and food products, which account for about 35% of the country's exports.
Half of Brazil is covered by forests, with the largest rain forest in the world located in the Amazon Basin. Recent migrations into the Amazon and large scale burning of forest areas have placed the international spotlight on the country and damaged Brazil's image. The government has reduced incentives for such activity and is beginning to implement an ambitious environmental plan - and has just adopted an Environmental Crimes Law that requires serious penalties for infractions.
Agriculture - products: coffee, soybeans, wheat, rice, corn, sugarcane, cocoa, citrus; beef
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[edit] Soybean
Brazil is the world's second largest producer of soybeans, the table below shows how production has varied over the years.
| Soybean Production [1] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2005 |
| Million metric tons | 0.20 | 1.50 | 15.15 | 19.89 | 32.82 | 52.70 |
[edit] Sugarcane
Brazil during its early colonial time depended heavily on sugarcane for its economic well-being. Today Brazil leads the world in sugarcane production.
| Sugarcane Production [2] | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Year | 1960 | 1970 | 1980 | 1990 | 2000 | 2004 |
| Million metric tons | 56.92 | 79.75 | 148.65 | 262.67 | 326.12 | 415.20 |
[edit] Notes
- ^ Combating Forced Labour, ILO Programme (United Nations) - in Portuguese
- ^ Le Breton, B. (2003). Trapped: modern-day slavery in the Brazilian Amazon. Kumarian Press. ISBN 1565491556
[edit] See also
- List of Brazil-related topics
- Economic history of Brazil
- History
- Industry in Brazil
- Economy of Brazil
- Geography
- Transportation
